THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1656
(3) anÊghÈ hontu (may they be free from unhappiness)
(4) sukhÊ attÈnaÑ pariharantu (may they be able to keep themselves happy).
When
mettÈ
is suffused in these four ways on each of the above twelve categories of
persons, the modes of suffusing
mettÈ
become 48 in number. There is no mention of
directions in these 48 modes.
When the four cardinal points, the four subordinate points and the upward and downward
directions are mentioned in each of these 48 modes, there will be 480 modes all together:
‚May those beings in the east be free from enmity, be free from ill-will, be free from
suffering and may they be able to keep themselves happy.‛ In this way, beings in other
directions also should be suffused with
mettÈ
thus the number of modes of suffusing
mettÈ
become 480.)
If 48 modes of suffusing without mention of directions are added to those 480 modes, the
total becomes 528.
These 528 modes of suffusing
mettÈ
are named briefly ‚suffusion of
mettÈ
‛ by teachers
of old and composed as a traditional prayer. If one desires to suffuse
mettÈ
in the first way
in PÈli one should do so by reciting ‚
Sabbe sattÈ averÈ hontu.
—— May all beings be free
from enmity.‛ Repeating in this way continuously means development of
mettÈ
. If one
desires to do so in the second way in PÈli one should recite: ‚
Sabbe sattÈ abyÈpajjÈ hontu
.
—— May all beings be free from ill-will.‛ Repeating in this way continuously also means
development of
mettÈ
. (In this manner all the 528 ways of suffusing mettÈ should be
understood.)
The development of
mettÈ
in these 528 ways, as shown above, is taught in the
PaÔisambhidÈ-magga and is well-known. In that Text there is no mention of development of
karuÓÈ, muditÈ
and
upekkhÈ
at the end of that of
mettÈ
.) But, nowadays, suffusion of
mettÈ,
as published in some books, contains at the end of development of
mettÈ
(a)
dukkha
muccantu ——
‘may they be free from suffering’, which is development of
karuÓÈ
(b)
yathÈ
laddha sampattito mÈvigacchantu
—— ‘may they not suffer loss of what they have gained’,
which is development of
muditÈ
, and (c)
kammassakÈ
—— ‘they have their deeds,
kamma
, as
their own property; each being is what his or her
kamma
makes’, which is development of
upekkhÈ
. They are included by ancient teachers so that those who wish to develop
karuÓÈ,
muditÈ
and
upekkhÈ
may do so by taking development of
mettÈ
as a guide.
Therefore, if one desires to develop
karuÓÈ
one should incline one's thought towards
living beings like this:
Sabbe sattÈ dukkha muccantu
. —— ‘May all beings be free from
suffering’; if one desires to develop
muditÈ
:
Sabbe sattÈ yathÈ laddha sampattito
mÈvigachhantu
. —— ‘May all beings not suffer loss of what they have gained’; if one desires
to develop
upekkhÈ
:
Sabbe sattÈ kammassakÈ
. —— ‘All beings have their deeds,
kamma
, as
their own property.’
But this does not mean that only this way, as mentioned in the scriptures, should be
adopted but not others. Because for covering all beings without any classification, there are
not only terms like
sattta, pÈna, bh|ta, puggala
and
attabhÈvapariyÈpannÈ
, but there are
such words as
sariri, dehi, jiva, paja, jantu, hindagu
, etc. To suffuse beings with the
thought:
Sabbe sariri averÈ hontu
. —— ‘May all those having bodies be free from enmity’,
etc. is also to direct
mettÈ
towards them.
The number of ways to direct
mettÈ
is also given as four in the PaÔisambhidÈ-magga. But
there are other ways as well, for instance,
Sabbe satta sukhino hontu. ——
‘May all beings be
happy.’:
Sabbe sattÈ khemino hontu. ——
‘May all beings be secure.’, and such thoughts are
also
mettÈ
. The fact that suffusing beings with one's
mettÈ
by using other PÈli words and by
adopting other ways also constitutes development of real
mettÈ
is evidenced by the MettÈ
Sutta.
Development of MettÈ according to The MettÈ Sutta
The MettÈ Sutta was delivered by the Buddha in connection with forest-dwelling
bhikkhus
and was recited at the Councils and preserved in the Sutta NipÈta and the Khuddaka PÈtha.
The Sutta first describes fifteen virtues which those desirous of developing
mettÈ
should be