THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1652
Its seems that Pubbanimitta AdhiÔÔhÈna and ŒsÊsa AdhiÔÔhÈna of this section on
AdhiÔÔhÈna and IcchÈp|rana-sacca of the section on
Sacca
are one and the same because all
these are concerned with fulfilment of one's wish.
With regard to IcchÈp|rana-sacca, when Suvanna Sama's mother, father and Goddess
Bahusundari made their respective resolutions, they all wished the disappearance of the
poison of the arrow that struck Suvanna Sama; with regard to Pubbanimitta AdhiÔÔhÈna,
too, when the Bodhisatta made his resolution, throwing up his cut-off hair to the sky, he
had wished that the hair would hang in the sky if he would become a Buddha; with regard
to ŒsÊsa AdhiÔÔhÈna, too, when Vidhura made his resolution, his wish was to keep his dress
intact. The connection of these resolutions with their respective wishes makes one think
that they all are the same. That is why some people nowadays combine the two words,
Sacca
and
AdhiÔÔhÈna
, into one, saying, ‚We perform
sacca-adhiÔÔhÈna
.‛
In reality, however,
sacca
is one and
adhiÔÔhÈna
another of the Ten Perfections.
Therefore, they are two different things and their difference is this: As has been said
before,
sacca
is truth whether it is of good or evil nature. A wish based on that truth is
IcchÈp|rana. But when one's wish is not based on some form of truth, the determination
made of one's own accord to have one's wish fulfilled is AdhiÔÔhÈna.
To explain further: In the Suvanna Sama JÈtaka, when his parents made an asseveration,
they said: ‚Sama has formerly practised only righteousness‛ (which is the basic truth). And
they added: ‚By this truthful saying, may his poison vanish‛ (which is their wish). Thus
expressing the wish based on what was true is IcchÈp|rana-sacca.
When the Bodhisatta threw up his cut-off hair to the sky resolving: ‚If I should become a
Buddha, may the hair remain in the sky,‛ he did so without any basis of truth. His
truthfulness was made for portending signs which would let him know beforehand of his
coming Buddhahood.
The resolution made by Vidhura when he was about to follow Punnaka by holding on to
the tail of his horse, ‚May my dress remain intact,‛ is also ŒsÊsa AdhiÔÔhÈna because it has
no truth as a basis and is, therefore, a mere determination of his wish, ŒsÊsa AdhiÔÔhÈna.
Thus the difference between Sacca and AdhiÔÔhana lies in the presence or absence of the
basis of truth.
(3) Vata AdhiÔÔhana
These habits and practices include those of a bull (
gosÊla
and
govata
): cattle eat and
discharge faeces and urine while standing; in imitation of cattle, some ascetics (during the
lifetime of the Buddha) did the same, believing that by so doing they would be purified and
liberated from
saÑsÈra
. (That is not to say that cattle had that wrong view, but only those
ascetics who imitated cattle had.) This practice (vata) is connected with evil.
But
adhiÔÔhÈna
has nothing to do with such wrong practices, for it belongs to the noble
practice of Perfection. Here vata refers to observances of such noble practices as
generosity, morality, etc. When one resolves to observe these Practices, such an action may
be termed Vata AdhiÔÔhana, but mere resolution and mere designation do not mean
fulfilling the Perfection of Resolution. The reason is that
adhiÔÔhÈna
does not belong to the
past nor does it belong to the present. One fulfils the Perfection of Resolution when one
observes in the future exactly as one has resolved firmly now. However ardently one
resolves at present, if one fails to observe later, one's resolution is useless and meaningless.
This idea is expressed in the KavilakkhaÓÈ Thatpon. A line in it reads to the effect that
resolution should be compared to the horn of a rhinoceros, a beast which has one horn, not
two. Just as a rhinoceros has only one horn, so should one stick to his resolution steadfastly
and firmly, but not waveringly. This line of the KavilakkhanÈ agrees with such saying as
‚
yathÈ pi pabbato selo
‛ as mentioned in the BuddhavaÑsa. Its meaning has been shown
above.
The different resolutions as classified before, such as
adhiÔÔhÈna
concerning
uposatha
,
adhiÔÔhÈna
concerning the robe and
adhiÔÔhÈna
concerning the bowl, cannot be included
under Pubbanimitta AdhiÔÔhÈna, Œsisa AdhiÔÔhÈna and Vata AdhiÔÔhÈna, for they are the