THE ANUD¢PAN¢
SÈma‛ were truths which concern no particular time.
The collection of
icchapurana-saccas
in the SuppÈraka and Sivi JÈtakas concerned the
past. Similarly, that contained in the Kanha Dipayana and NalapÈna JÈtakas also concerned
the past.
In the VaÔÔaka JÈtaka, the utterance, ‚I have wings, yet I cannot fly; I have legs, yet I
cannot walk,‛ concerned both the past and the present.
The truth saying ‚There is none whom I love more than you,‛ in the SambulÈ JÈtaka and
that of the Chief Queen, CandÈ Devi in the Temiya JÈtaka concerned no particular time.
In this way, the relationship between the truths and their respective times referred to may
be considered and noted.
The Supreme Perfection of Truthfulness
With reference to the Perfection of Truthfulness, the AtthasÈlini Commentary and the
Commentary on the BuddhavaÑsa explain that King MahÈsutasoma's Perfection of
Truthfulness was the Supreme Perfection because, in order to keep his word true, the King
went back to PorisÈda as promised at the risk of his own life. In this case, the vow was
made in the presence of PorisÈda but as it was a mere utterance, its purpose had not yet
been fulfilled; to fulfil it, the vow still remained to be kept. As he had promised: ‚I will
come back‛, he returned even after he had been back in the city of Indapattha. At first,
when he promised ‚I will come back‛, his sacrifice of life did not appear imminent. It
became so only when he returned to PorisÈda from Indapattha. Therefore, in the
Commentaries, he is mentioned as ‚the King who protected his truthfulness, sacrificing his
life ——
jÊvitam cajitvÈ saccam anurakkhantassa
‛ but not as ‚the king who made an oath at
the risk of his life ——
jÊvitam cajitvÈ saccam bhaÓantassa
.‛
Thoughts on The Two Kinds of Truth
In this connection, the truthfulness of King MahÈ Sutasoma and that of Minister Vidhura
are worthy of a comparative study. The minister's truthfulness was his truthful saying that
‚I am a servant‛ as is told in the verse 102 of the Vidhura JÈtaka. As soon as he said so, his
truthfulness was accomplished. But, when he said that he had nothing to worry about his
life, he could not die just being a servant. Therefore, one might say that Vidhura's
truthfulness was inferior to Sutasoma's.
However, it may be considered that Vidhura was prepared to sacrifice his life, thinking to
himself: ‚That young man may like to do away with me after taking me away. If he does
so, I will accept death.‛ For, as he was wise, he must have kept pondering like this: ‚This
young man asked for me, not to honour me. If he had a desire to honour me, he would
have openly told me his purpose and invited me for the same. Now he had not invited me.
He won possession of me by gambling and would not set me free.‛ Besides, though he was
a young man, he was an ogre (by birth). Seeing his behaviour, the minister must have
noticed that he was a wild tough person. Another thing that should be taken into
consideration is this: When Vidhura had (by way of farewell) exhorted the king and his
family members, and said: ‚I have done my job,‛ the young ogre, PuÓÓaka, replied: ‚Do
not be afraid. Firmly hold on to the tail of my horse. This will be the last time for you to
see the world while you are living.‛ (Verse 196). Vidhura boldly retorted: ‚I have done no
evil that would lead to the woeful states. Why should I be afraid.‛ From this word of the
minister, it is clear that the minister had decided to sacrifice his life.
All this points to the fact that Vidhura's truthfulness contained some element of taking
risk of life and was thus not inferior to Sutasoma's. It should be concluded that it was, if
not superior, of the same class as that of Sutasoma.
Moral Lesson
The unique feature of this Perfection of Truthfulness in contrast to the previous ones is
that it possesses the power to have one's desire fulfilled because of the truth uttered. In the
Sutasoma JÈtaka
(
Verse 62
)
also it is said: ‚Of all the tastes which prevail on this earth, the