THE ANUD¢PAN¢
Curse
An utterance not based on truth, but made just to consign others to destruction is not an
oath, but merely a curse. An example may be seen in the following story.
The Story of Two Hermits
In the past, while King Brahmadatta was reigning in the city of BÈrÈÓasÊ, a hermit, Devila
by name, was living in the Himalayas. On his visit to BÈrÈÓasÊ, in order to have acid and
salt, he stayed in a potter's hut near the city with the owner's permission. Soon another
hermit called NÈrada came for a similar purpose and stayed at the same place. At night,
when the time for sleeping came, the newcomer noted Devila's sleeping place as well as the
door at the entrance to the hut and went to bed. But, after lying down at his place, Devila
moved to the entrance and slept crosswise in the middle of the doorway.
When NÈrada went out in the dead of the night, he happened to tread on Devila's matted
hair. Devila then said: ‚Who has stepped on my hair?‛ NÈrada replied gently: ‚Sir, I have,
because I did not know that you were sleeping here. Please accept my apology.‛ And he
left the hut while Devila was grumbling.
Then, just in case NÈrada should do it again when he came back, Devila completely
reversed his lying position and went to sleep. When NÈrada returned, he thought: ‚When I
went out, I wrongly stepped on his hair because I did not know where his head lay; I shall
now go in by the other way.‛ Thus, he happened to tread on his neck. Devila asked: ‚Who
trod on my neck?‛ ‚It is I, Sir,‛ said NÈrada. ‚You wicked hermit!‛ said Devila, ‚The first
time, you stepped on my hair. This time, you did the same but on my neck. Curse you, I
will.‛ ‚Sir, I am not guilty,‛ said NÈrada, ‚The first time I was wrong because I did not
know the way you were sleeping. Now I came by way of the foot-end not to wrong again.
Please pardon me,‛ apologized NÈrada.
‚O wicked hermit, I am going to curse you,‛ threatened Devila. Then despite NÈrada's
plea, Devila uttered a curse: ‚Tomorrow morning, as soon as the sun rises, may your head
be split into seven pieces!‛ ‚In spite of my apologies you did curse me,‛ said NÈrada,
‚May the guilty one's head be split into seven pieces.‛ Thus NÈrada put Devila under a
curse in retaliation. (Unlike Devila's curse, NÈrada's was free of anger and volition to harm
him. He cursed him just to make him fear and admit his wrong. He was so powerful that he
could see eighty
kappas
, i.e. the past forty and the future forty.) When he looked into
Devila's future, he foresaw that the latter would be destroyed. So out of compassion for
Devila, he tried with his power to prevent the sun from rising.
When the sun did not rise at the time it was due to, people thronged to the palace and
shouted in unison: ‚O King, the sun does not rise while you are ruling over us. Please
improve your conduct so that the sun reappears. The King pondered his conduct and did
not see anything wrong. He thought that there must be some peculiar reason which might
be a quarrel among ascetics in his country. On enquiry, he came to know the quarrel
between the two hermits. The King then went overnight to the hermits. Under instructions
from NÈrada, he placed a solid mass of earth on Devila's head and made him plunge into a
pond by force. When NÈrada withdraw his power, no sooner had the sun risen than the
solid mass of earth was split into seven pieces. Devila then moved to another place in the
water and came out of it safe and sound. (Dhammapada Commentary, I. Yamaka Vagga, 3.
Tissa Vatthu.)
Devila's curse in this story, ‚Tomorrow morning, as soon as the sun rises, may your head
be split into seven pieces!‛ is for NÈrada, uttered with anger. Thus it was not an oath but a
mere curse.
Like the curse in this story, there are curses recorded in the Myanmar inscriptions of old.
For instance, the Nadaungtat Pagoda inscription, dated 537 (M.E.) on the northern side of
C|lÈmuni Pagoda of Bagan reads near the end: ‚He who destroys my work of merit, may
the seven generations of his descendants be destroyed. May he suffer in AvÊci Hell and
may he not be liberated but become rooted there even when Buddhas of successive
kappas
come and try to save him.‛ Such a curse is something that is not done by Bodhisattas. In