THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1634
thought of the reason and came to know it. He was then doubtful that these people were
really detached from sensual pleasures. In order to investigate the matter, he kept the eldest
brother's share of food hidden by his supernormal power for three days continuously.
When the oldest brother came to take his share on the first day, he did not see it and
thought that it must be left out through forgetfulness; he then said nothing and went back to
his place to continue his meditation. On the second day also he found his share missing;
thinking that his share was purposely left out as a punishment because of some
misunderstanding that he was guilty of something, he remained quiet as on the first day. On
the third day, when he did not find his share, he thought that he should apologize if he had
been guilty and in the evening he summoned the others by striking the stone drum. He said:
‚Why did you not keep my share of food? Please speak out if I have some guilt. I will
tender my apology to you.‛ Then the first younger brother stood up and after giving his
respect to the eldest brother, said: ‚Sir, could I get your permission to speak only for
myself?‛ On getting the permission, he took an oath, saying:
‚Sir, if I had stolen your share of food, may I come into possession of horses,
cattle, silver, gold and a beautiful wife here at this place and stay with my family
(enjoying a full mundane life).‛
(This form of oath suggests that as much as objects of desire give us pleasure when we
are in possession of them, we feel grieved and distressed when we are bereft of them. The
oath was taken to despise the objects of desire.)
The eldest brother said: ‚You have taken a very severe oath. I believe you did not take
my food. Go and sit in your place.‛ The rest of the group, covering their ears also said:
‚Brother, please do not say so. Your word is very serious and terrible.‛ (They covered their
ears because as meditators they found sense pleasures disgusting to them; sensuality was so
dreadful that they could not bear even to hear something associated with it.) Then the
second younger brother said:
‚Sir, if I had stolen your lotus sprouts, may I become one who wears flowers, puts
on sandalwood paste from KÈsi, has many children and who is very much involved
in and attached to sensuality.‛
(In this way, the remaining eight persons took an oath individually.)
In this JÈtaka, the ascetic MahÈkaÒcana, leader of the group, was the Bodhisatta and the
rest were destined to became foremost Disciples in their own right. Therefore, having
attained spiritual maturity, they really abhorred sensuality. Each of them was bold enough
to take such a dreadful oath to convince the others. The word ‚asseveration‛ is not used
directly in this Bhisa JÈtaka but the word "oath" is. Since that oath was based on what was
true, it was the same as the verbal truth (
vacÊ-sacca
) fulfilled by Bodhisattas. In their
individual oaths, the main point was, ‚We do not steal your share of lotus sprouts.‛ Since it
was a true statement, it amounts to verbal truth. Such words as: ‚May I be also have this or
that‛ (which in effect mean, ‚May I encounter this or that‛) are included as proposed
punishment for oneself in the oath just to make the others believe him or her. Accordingly,
this truth is called ‘Saddahapana-sacca’. The oath that has been taken from the times of
ancient MahÈsammat kings down to the present governments are all
saddahÈpana-sacca
.
Taking of A Corporal Oath
Before the subject-matter of an oath was put into writing as a sacred text, taking of an
oath was done verbally and was called ‚swearing of an oath‛. Since written sacred oath
came into existence, purely verbal taking of an oath has been replaced by holding the
sacred text (or placing it on one's head); thus taking of a corporal oath by holding a sacred
text has come into use. This gives rise in Myanmar parlance to ‚holding the sacred text‛
for taking a corporal oath and ‚administering the corporal oath‛ for making someone else
hold the sacred text. Only the form of taking an oath for oneself, whether it is taken
verbally or by holding the sacred text, in order to convince others saying: ‚What I have
said is the truth; if not, such and such a misfortune befall me.‛, etc. should be named
SaddahÈpana-sacca.