THE ANUD¢PAN¢
When NibbÈna is considered as to what it is like, those who have not understood what it
really is, are likely to regard NibbÈna as a kind of indestructible country or city. When
NibbÈna is mentioned as a secure city in a discourse at a water-pouring ceremony, it is just
a figurative usage. NibbÈna is not a city, nor is it a country. Yet there are some who
believe and say that NibbÈna is a city where those who have passed into it live happily with
mind and body free of old age, sickness and death. The truth is that passing of Buddhas,
Paccekabuddhas and
arahats
into NibbÈna means complete cessation of the five aggregates,
material and mental, of an
arahat
at his death in his last existence; they will no longer
appear in any realm of existence. (NibbÈna is the Ultimate Reality which is the object of
the Path and Fruition. ParinibbÈna is complete cessation of the material and mental
aggregates which will never come into being again.) Their passing into NibbÈna is not
going into the city of NibbÈna. There is no such thing as the city of NibbÈna.
The Myanmar word ‘
NibbÈn’
is a PÈli derivative. When people perform meritorious
deeds, their teachers will admonish them to pray for
NibbÈn
. Though they do so
accordingly, they generally do not know well what
NibbÈn
means. So they are not very
enthusiastic about it. The teachers, therefore, should ask them to pray for the extinction of
all suffering and sorrow because the words are pure Myanmar and the devotees will
understand thoroughly and pray enthusiastically and seriously.
Two Kinds of NibbÈna
Suppose there is a very costly garment. When its owner is still alive, you say: ‚It is an
excellent garment with a user.‛ When he dies, you say: ‚It is an excellent garment with no
user.‛ (The same garment is spoken of in accordance with the time in which the user is
alive or in which the user is no longer alive.) Similarly, the Unconditioned Element, the
Ultimate Reality of NibbÈna, which has the characteristic of peace and which is the object
the Venerable Ones such as SÈriputta, who contemplate by means of the Path and Fruition,
is called Sa-upÈdisesa NibbÈna (NibbÈna with the five aggregates of
upÈdisesa
contemplating) before his death; after his death, however, since there are no longer the five
aggregates that contemplate NibbÈna, it is called AnupÈdisesa NibbÈna (NibbÈna without
the five aggregates of
upÈdisesa
contemplating it.)
The peace of NibbÈna is aspired for, only when it is pondered after overcoming craving
by wisdom. That the peace of NibbÈna is something which should really be aspired for,
will not be understood if craving is foremost in one's thinking and not overcome by
wisdom.
Three Kinds of NibbÈna
NibbÈna is also of three kinds according to its attributes which are clearly manifest in it:
(1) SuÒÒata NibbÈna, (2) Animitta NibbÈna and (3)AppaÓihita NibbÈna.
(1) The first attribute is that NibbÈna is devoid of all distractions (
palibodha
); hence
SuÒÒata NibbÈna. (‚SuÒÒata‛ means ‚void‛.)
(2) The second attribute is that it is devoid of consciousness (
citta
), mental concomitants
(
cetasika
) and matter (
r|pa
) which, as conditioned things, are the cause of
defilements. Conditioned things, whether mental or material, cannot only arise
individually and without combining with one another. Material things arise only when
at least eight of them form a combination. (That is why they are called
atthakalapa
,
unit of eight.) Mental things also arise only when at least eight elements make a
combination. (By this is meant
paÒca-viÒÒÈÓa
, the fivefold consciousness.) When
such combinations of mental and material components brought together to form an
aggregate are wrongly taken to be ‘myself’, ‘my body’, ‘a thing of substance’, they
give rise to mental defilements, such as craving, etc. Conditioned things are thus
known as nimitta, ground or cause. In particular, mundane consciousness, mental
concomitants and matter are called nimitta. In NibbÈna, however, there are no such
things of substance as ‘myself’, ‘my body’, which cause the emergence of
defilements. Hence the name Animitta NibbÈna.