THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1630
is concerned?‛ A man of craving will say the rich man is happier because he enjoys highly
sumptuous food whenever he desires while the latter enjoys nothing. They will say so
because, being overwhelmed by craving, they believe that feeling which stimulates craving
is something to be esteemed.
Men of intelligence, on the other hand, will say that the
vijjÈdhara
is happier. The rich
man, being a man of dainty palate, must go in quest of elaborate foodstuff. Having
acquired them, he is flooded with troubles of making necessary preparations
(
paÔisa~khÈrana-dukkha
) and longing for novelty (
ÈsÈ-dukkha
). To enjoy happiness derived
from feeling (
vedayita-sukha
) is to be burdened with these twin
dukkha
; there is no escape
from them. The
vijjadhara
has no such
dukkha
; he lives happily having nothing to do with
food. There is no trace of worries in his happiness, which is absolute. Thus, they will say
he is happier.
Men of craving say that the rich man is happier because they do not see any of his
troubles; what they do see is his enjoyment of food. They have no good impression of the
peaceful life of the
vijjadhara
who need not eat at all. Instead they envy the rich man's way
of living and want to become rich themselves. In the same way craving has no high opinion
of and no desire or yearning for
santi-sukha
(the Unconditioned NibbÈna) which is devoid
of feeling and which indeed is peace.
In this connection, the Third Sutta
,
4
.
MahÈvagga, Navaka NipÈta of the A~guttara
NikÈya says:
‚Once, the Venerable SÈriputta, while staying in the midst of
bhikkhus
, uttered:
‘Friends, NibbÈna is indeed happiness; NibbÈna is indeed happiness.’ Then the
Venerable UdÈyi asked: ‘How can NibbÈna be happiness, Friend SÈriputta, if there
is no feeling?’ The Venerable SÈriputta replied: ‘Friend UdÈyi, NibbÈna's being
devoid of feeling is in itself happiness.’ ‛
Worldly people, who lack intelligence, view the five aggregates, the Truth of Suffering,
as happiness. Intelligent worldly people and the Noble Ones view the cessation of the five
aggregates, like the extinction of great fire, as happiness. A simile, to illustrate the
superiority of happiness derived from cessation and extinction for those worldly people of
poor intelligence, is as follows: A patient, who is suffering from a chronic, acute
flatulence, takes a dose of medicine from a good physician. Consequently, he gets
completely cured of his disease. It may be imagined how happy he would be. At that
moment, he has no pleasant sensation whatever; what he experiences is simply the
extinction of the flatulent trouble. He will certainly be delighted knowing, ‚Oh, gone is my
trouble now!‛ as his suffering has ceased to trouble him. The flatulent trouble is nothing,
when compared with
saÑsÈric
suffering. If one takes delight in extinction of that
insignificant trouble, why will he not find happiness in extinction of the great
saÑsÈric
suffering. He will certainly be overjoyed.
NibbÈna
What is NibbÈna, the cessation of suffering? When the Unconditioned Element
(
asankhata-dhÈtu
), the unique Ultimate Reality, which has the characteristics of peace, is
realised with the four-fold knowledge of the Path, all the defilements, numbering one
thousand and five hundred, are completely eradicated, never will they rise again. In any
existence, when the
arahatta-magga
is attained, the suffering, in the form of the five
aggregates, ceases once and for all immediately after death, just as a heap of fire has been
extinguished. There is no more rebirth in any realms of existence. That Unconditioned
Element, the unique Ultimate Reality, which has the characteristics of peace and all the
unique attributes described above is called ‘NibbÈna’.
The worldlings do not know full well the nature of NibbÈna as the Noble Ones do. If
they, without knowing it, say or write to let others understand it as the Noble Ones do, they
could go wrong. Let alone speaking of NibbÈna, when they speak even of a mundane
object which they know only from books, as though they have seen it with their own eyes,
they are likely to make mistakes. The common worldlings not being able to see every
aspect of it like the Noble Ones do, should speak of NibbÈna only in the aforesaid manner.