THE ANUD¢PAN¢
Although forbearance (
khantÊ
) is non-aversion (
adosa cetasika
) every case of non-
aversion is not forbearance. The
adosa cetasika
accompanies every arising of a ‘Beautiful’
(
sobhaÓa
) type of Consciousness but it is called forbearance (
khantÊ
) only if it serves as a
deterrent to anger when provoked by others. If the ‘Beautiful’ consciousness arises due to
any other cause, the
adosa cetasika
that accompanies it is not called forbearance.
The Venerable PuÓÓa’s Forbearance
The Venerable PuÓÓa’s mental attitude serves as a good example of forbearance one
should develop. It is, therefore, briefly described here. Once during the Buddha's time, the
Venerable PuÓÓa approached and informed the Buddha that he would like to go to
SunÈparanta district and live there. The Buddha said to him: ‚PuÓÓa, the people in
SunÈparanta are rough and brutal. How would you feel, should they abuse and revile you?‛
The Thera replied: ‚Venerable Sir, should the people of SunÈparanta abuse and revile me,
I would regard them as good people, control my temper and bear them patiently with the
thought: ‘These are good people, extremely good people; they merely abuse and revile me,
but not assault me with their fists and elbows.’ ‛
The Buddha asked him further: ‚PuÓÓa, suppose the people of SunÈparanta assault you
with their fists and elbows, how would you feel?‛ ‚Venerable Sir, I would regard them as
good people, control my temper and bear them patiently with the thought: ‘These are good
people, extremely good people; they merely assault me with their fists and elbows but not
stoned me.’‛
(The Buddha asked him further how he would feel if people stoned him, beat him
with a stick, cut him with a sword or even kill him.)
The Thera replied: ‚Venerable Sir, I would control my temper and bear them patiently
with the thought: ‘The disciples of the BhagavÈ, such as Venerable Godhika, Venerable
Channa, etc. (being weary of, and ashamed of and being disgusted with the body and with
life), had to commit suicide (
satthahÈraka kamma
); how fortunate I am. I need not kill
myself.‛ The Buddha then approved of his replies and blessed him. (Majjhima NikÈya
,
UparipannÈsa, 5-SalÈyatana Vagga, 3-PunnovÈda Sutta)
Again, in the PÈtha JÈtaka
,
SattÈlisa NipÈta
,
Sarabha~ga JÈtaka
,
Sakka, the King of Devas,
asked the hermit, Sarabha~ga:
‚O Hermit of KoÓÉaÒÒa ancestry, what may one slay without having to repent?
What may one abandon to gain praise from the virtuous? Whose abusive, harsh
words should one bear with patience? Give me answers to these questions.‛
The Bodhisatta, Sarabha~ga, the Hermit, replied:
‚One may slay anger without having to repent; one may abandon ingratitude to
gain praise from the virtuous; one should bear with patience abusive, harsh words
from everyone, whether superior, equal or inferior; the virtuous call this the
highest form of patience.‛
Again, Sakka asked:
‚O Hermit, it may be possible to put up with the abusive, harsh words of those
who are superior or one's equal but why should one tolerate the rude words coming
from one's inferiors?‛
The Bodhisatta answered:
‚One may bear with patience the rudeness of one's superior through fear; or the
abusive language from those who are equal to ward off danger of rivalry. (Both
cases are not superior types of patience.) But the wise say that to put up with the
rude language coming from one's inferiors, with no special reason to do so, is the
supreme form of forbearance.‛
Sakka's Forbearance
Once, in a battle between the devas of TÈvatiÑsa and the
asuras
, the devas captured