THE ANUD¢PAN¢
postures of lying down, sitting, standing and walking.
These are the eleven factors which develop Energy.
The Main Foundation of Energy
The main foundation of Energy is the emotion of dread (saÑvega). It is of three kinds:
(1) CittutrÈsa SaÑvega
Disturbance of mind through dread of dangers of elephants, tigers, weapons, such as
swords, spears, etc. is known as ‚CittutrÈsa SaÑvega.‛ In terms of Abhidhamma, it is
the mental concomitant of aversion (
dosa
). Through weak aversion arises fear;
through strong aversion arises aggressiveness.
(2) Ottappa SaÑvega
Dread to do evil is Ottappa SaÑvega. It is a wholesome type of mental concomitant
(
sobhana cetasika
).
(3) ©ÈÓa SaÑvega
Dread that arises as religious emotion through reflecting on cause and effect is
known as ©ÈÓa SaÑvega. It is the kind of fear of
saÑsÈra
felt by the virtuous. In the
Texts, ©ÈÓa SaÑvega is described also as the knowledge that is accompanied by
moral dread of evil.
(Should one include Dhamma SaÑvega which is the wisdom of Arahats that
arises accompanied by moral dread on seeing the dangers of conditioned
phenomena, there will be four kinds of SaÑvega).
Of these types of
saÑvega
, only
ÒÈÓa saÑvega
should be considered as the main spring
of Energy. When one sees the dangers of
saÑsÈra
through wisdom and is stirred by moral
dread, one would certainly work arduously for liberation from these dangers. Without such
wisdom, one will not work for it at all.
Even in everyday mundane life, a student who is struck with fear of poverty, that is, one
who has
ÒÈÓa saÑvega
will work hard reflecting thus: ‚Without education, I will be faced
with poverty when I grow up‛; another who is not moved by such anxiety, that is, one who
has no
ÒÈÓa saÑvega
, will put forth no effort whatever to acquire knowledge.
Similarly, motivated by fear of poverty, workers assiduously devote themselves to work
which provides them with necessities of life; whereas those who do not consider for their
future will remain indolent and carefree. It should be surmised from what has been said
that only
ÒÈÓa saÑvega
can cause the development of Energy.
But this applies only to the development of Energy which serves as a Perfection. As
already mentioned, there are two kinds of Energy, namely, Energy which is developed for
a wholesome act and that developed for an unwholesome act. The energy necessary for an
unwholesome act is also caused by stirring of emotion (
saÑvega
); but it is
cittutrÈsa
saÑvega
and not
ÒÈÓa saÑvega
that serves as its foundation.
An indigent person in need of money will make effort to steal; he cannot take up a proper
mental attitude (
yoniso manasikÈra
). This is an example of how wrong effort arises through
unwholesome
cittutrÈsa saÑvega
. A person who does not possess a proper mental attitude
will have recourse to wrong efforts to prevent possible dangers falling upon him. But a
person with right frame of mind will not exert to do wrong actions; he always strives for
good ones.
Thus, whereas the main foundation of Energy is the emotion of dread (
saÑvega
), it is the
mental attitude which determines the kind of energy whether wholesome or unwholesome
to develop.
As a Perfection, unwholesome energy is not to be considered; it is only blameless,
wholesome energy that is reckoned as a Perfection.
When we consider the four Right Exertions, it would seem that only energy that causes
wholesome acts serves as a Perfection. But, although an effort may not result in wholesome