THE ANUD¢PAN¢
meaning is the same. In exposition on SammappadhÈna of the Abhidhamma Vibhanga, the
Buddha has explained four kinds of Right Exertion:
(1) The endeavour to prevent the arising at any time, any place on any object of evil which
has not yet arisen; or which one cannot recall to mind of having arisen at a certain
time, at a certain place, on a certain object.
(2) The endeavour to put away evil that has a risen.
(As a matter of fact, it is impossible to abandon evil that had already arisen or that had
arisen and passed away. The evil that had arisen in the past had ceased; it is no longer
existing. What does not exist cannot he removed. What is to be understood here is that one
should strive to prevent arising of new evil which is of similar nature to the one that has
arisen before.)
(3) The endeavour to bring about the arising of the good which has not yet arisen or which
one cannot recall to mind of having arisen at a certain time, a certain place, on a
certain object.
(4) The endeavour to maintain and further develop the good that has arisen or that is
arising. (Here also what is to be understood is that one should strive to bring about the
repeated arising of the good similar to the one that has already arisen.)
Eleven Factors of Developing Energy
The Satipatthana Vibhanga Commentary and the MahÈ Satipatthana Sutta Commentary
describe eleven factors of development of energy.
(1) Reflecting on the dangers of lower worlds of existence (ApÈya bhaya
paccavekkhanata).
Energy will develop in him who reflects thus: ‚If I am lax in making effort, I may be
reborn in the realms of misery (
apÈya
). Of the four realms of misery, if I am reborn in the
realm of continuous suffering (
niraya
), I will suffer intense pains resulting from numerous,
terrible tortures; or if I am reborn in the animal world, I may be subjected to all forms of
ill-treatment by human beings; or if I am reborn in the ghost realm (
peta-loka
), I will be
tormented by hunger for long periods (of world-cycles) between the appearance of one
Buddha and of another: or if I am reborn in the demon world (
asura loka
), with my huge
body, sixty or eighty cubits in length, of bones and skins only, I will suffer from heat, cold
or winds. In any of these terrible rebirths, I will get no chance of developing the four Right
Exertions. This life is my only opportunity to do so.‛
(2) Perceiving the benefits accruing from development of energy (ŒnisamsadassÈvitÈ).
Energy will develop in him who, reviewing and seeing the advantages of developing
energy, reflects thus: ‚A lazy man can never get out of the cycle of rebirths (
saÑsÈra
) and
attain the supramundane Paths and Fruition States. Only the industrious can attain them.
The beneficial result of making effort is the attainment of the supramundane Path and
Fruition States which are so difficult to realize.‛
(3) Reviewing the path to be tread (Gamanavithi paccavekkhanatÈ).
Energy will develop in him who reflects thus: ‚All Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas and Noble
Disciples of a Buddha realize their goals by walking along the path of industry. Exertion is
the straight path trod by the Noble Ones. No idle person can follow this road. Only the
industrious take to this path.‛
(4) Honouring the alms food of devotees (PiÓÉapÈtÈpacÈyanatÈ).
This factor is the specific concern of
bhikkhus
. Energy will develop in him who,
regarding with esteem and appreciation rich food offered by devotees, reflects thus: ‚These
devotees are not my relatives; they give me this alms food not because they want to make
their living by depending on me; they do so only because of the great merit that accrues
from giving (to the Sangha). The Buddha does not allow us to eat alms food in a light
minded, irresponsible manner, or to live an easy-going life. He permits it only for the