THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1610
should not be soiled with sweat and dirt. For external cleanliness, one's clothes should
not be old and bad smelling; one's dwelling should be kept clean. When there is
impurity inside and outside the body, the wisdom that arises is like the thick flame
produced from a dirty wick soaked in the turbid oil of an unclean lamp. In order to
have clean and bright wisdom, which is like the flame of a clean lamp, one should
keep one's body clean both internally and externally.)
(3) Indriya samatta patipÈdanÈ — bringing the faculties, such as faith, etc., into perfect
balance.
(There are five faculties19 which control consciousness and mental concomitants of
beings. If the faith faculty is too strong, the other four faculties are bound to be weak;
consequently, energy faculty cannot exercise its function of giving support and
encouragement to exertion; mindfulness faculty cannot fulfil its task of minding the object
of attention; concentration faculty cannot prevent distraction of mind; and wisdom faculty
fails to discern. When faith faculty is in excess, an attempt should be made to moderate it
and bring it in line with others either by reflecting on the Dhamma that will normalise it or
avoiding to reflect on the Dhamma that will promote and strengthen it.
(If the energy faculty is too strong, faith faculty will not be able to perform its function;
the rest of the faculties also cannot perform their respective functions. This excess of
energy should be corrected by developing tranquillity. The same holds true in the case of
each of the remaining faculties.)
What is particularly praised by the wise and virtuous is balancing faith with
wisdom, and concentration with energy. If one is strong in faith and weak in
wisdom, one will have faith in unworthy ones to no purpose. (Being weak in
wisdom, one is unable to discern critically who is deserving of reverence and who
is not; mistaking what is not true ‘Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha’ for genuine ones,
one's devotion is then of no avail and fruitless.) Mistaken belief of those who
wrongly devote themselves to false Buddha or false Dhamma is not true faith but
only wrong and harmful conclusion (
micchadhimokkha
).
If wisdom is strong and faith is weak, one will miss the correct path and follow the
wrong one, which leads to the side of cunning. To bring such a person to the right
path is as hard to cure as a patient suffering from ill-effects of wrong medicine.
For example, these are two kinds of giving: (i) gift of volition (
cetanÈ-dÈna
) and
(ii) gift of material objects (
vatthu-dÈna
). A person, who has cunning ways of
thinking, might consider that it is only volition not the material objects that would
be fruitful in future; therefore, it is not necessary to offer material things as
dÈna
;
gift of volition is sufficient. Such a person who fails to do meritorious deeds of
alms-giving, because of his cunning, would be reborn in the lower planes of
existence.
Only when faith and wisdom are in balance can one have proper faith in deserving
ones and with the absence of cunning, there can develop many advantages. Energy
and concentration should also be in balance; when energy is weak and
concentration strong, idleness (
kosajja
) will result: without any activities but
assuming an air of calmness as if in good concentration, one is overwhelmed by
indolence.
When energy is strong and concentration weak, there will be agitation and
excitement but no steadiness. Overwhelmed by restlessness (
uddhacca
), one may
be distracted with the thought: ‚If this work does not yield any good result as
19. The five faculties are faith, energy, mindfulness, concentration and wisdom; each has its own
function: faith enables one to give devoted attention to the objcet of reverence; energy gives
support and encouragement enabling one to exert and strive hard; mindfulness keeps track of the
object of attention; concentration prevents distraction of mind; and wisdom enables one to see,
to understand. These faculties must be kept in balance, for if one is in excess, the others would
suffer and fail to do their functions.