THE ANUD¢PAN¢
Mahosadha JÈtaka. In this story, Culani Brahmadatta with rulers of his vassal states
surrounded and attacked the royal city of King Videha, who had as his right-hand man,
Mahosadha the Wise. Mahosadha master-minded the defence of the city by devising
various stratagem to deceive the enemy hordes, to break down their morale and finally to
force them to retreat to all directions in a disorderly rout. Should we opine that deceptive
measures adopted by Mahosadha, not being moral undertaking, do not count as Wisdom,
there would be no occasion for the Bodhisatta to fulfil the Perfection of Wisdom. As a
matter of fact, all the strategic devices employed by Mahosadha are the products of the
Bodhisatta's Wisdom. The Buddha has therefore specifically mentioned the story of
Mahosadha as an example of how the Bodhisatta had fulfilled his Perfection of Wisdom.
In view of what has been said, it should be noted that in the story of Sulasa, the Mountain
deva praised Sulasa as a wise person because she indeed had Wisdom.
(This is an explanation on doubtful points with regard to characteristics of Wisdom.)
The Kinds of Wisdom
The definition of ‘wisdom’ given in the Commentaries, such as the AÔÔhasalini, etc. as the
knowledge of or the knowledge leading to full comprehension of the Four Noble Truths
and the Three Characteristics refers to the highest (
ukkaÔÔha
) type of Wisdom. There are
also certain types of Wisdom which are much lower.
The Commentary on the Abhidhamma Vibha~ga
,
in expounding on CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ and
Sutamaya PaÒÒÈ, describes the kinds of Wisdom involved in ‘manual labour for earning
one's livelihood’ (
kammÈyatana
) and in ‘skills for earning one's livelihood’ (
sippÈyatana
).
Each is again divided into two kinds, lower and higher. Carpentry is an example of a lower
type of manual labour. Farming, trading are of a higher type. Mat-making, weaving, etc.
are of lower forms of skill for earning one's living and writing, calculating, etc. are higher
forms of skill for earning one's living.
The essential distinction between forms of livelihood is that when manual labour is
done for livelihood without taking special training, it is KammÈyatana type and
when skill for earning livelihood is acquired after special training, it is called
Sippayatana. When special training is for skill in vocal accomplishments it is called
VijjÈthÈna.
When we discriminate one fire from another, our discrimination is not based on the
quality of the fuel used for burning but on the quantity of the fuel and we say ‚a
small fire‛ or ‚a big fire‛. So also in the case of wisdom, discrimination should be
done not on the basis of the quality of what is known but rather on the basis of the
degree or extent of what is known and we should speak of wisdom as ‚weak‛ or
‚powerful‛, in other words, ‚simple‛ or ‚profound‛. We should not restrict
ourselves to higher forms of knowledge, as expounded in the Commentary, but
also recognize the lower forms also as wisdom.
Therefore, one who wishes to fulfil the Perfection of Wisdom should do so
irrespective of the standard of wisdom, whether low or high, and regarding things
unknown, one should approach the wise for learning from them. Therefore, it is
said in the BuddhavaÑsa: ‚
Paripucchanto budham pannaparamitam gantva
.‛
meaning ‚Repeatedly asking the wise, having reached the Perfection of Wisdom.‛
Seven Ways of Developing Wisdom
The Sammohavinodani, Commentary to the Abhidhamma Vibhanga gives seven ways of
developing wisdom in the chapter on the Foundations of Steadfast Mindfulness
(SatipatthÈna):
(1) ParipucchakatÈ — asking the wise again and again. (This is in accordance with the PÈli
phrase quoted above.)
(2) VatthuvisadakiriyÈ — making objects, both inside and outside the body, pure. (For
internal cleanliness, one’s hair, nails and beard should not be too long. The body