THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1606
ninth stage (
sa~khÈrupekkhÈ-ÒÈÓa,
‘Knowledge of Equanimity about Formations’)
out of the ten stages of VipassanÈ Insight. The final part of this
sa~khÈrupekkhÈ-
ÒÈÓa
leads on directly to the knowledge of the Path. So, Bodhisattas do not attempt
to go beyond the first part until their last life, for should they do so, they would
have accordingly attained
magga-phala
and become
ariyas
and passed into
NibbÈna in those existences; they would not become a Buddha though. Therefore,
it should be noted that as a Bodhisatta, the Perfection of Wisdom is fulfilled only
up to the first part of the
sa~khÈrupekkhÈ-ÒÈÓa
.
(b) Knowledge gained by listening to the wise who talk either on their own or at one's
request when one is unable to think out or reason by oneself is called Sutamaya PaÒÒÈ.
(‘
Suta
’ - hearing, ‘
mÈyÈ
’ - formed of; hence, wisdom formed of hearing.) Like CintÈmaya
PaÒÒÈ, this kind of wisdom is of very extensive nature. The only difference between the
two is that in the first, wisdom is gained through one's own thought or reasoning and in the
second by hearing from others.
(c) The kind of Wisdom gained at the time when one is actually experiencing the
jhÈna
or
phala
states is called BhÈvanamaya PaÒÒÈ.
The Abhidhamma Vibhanga, in the Chapter on the ©ÈÓa Vibhanga, gives types of
wisdom in groups of one kind, two kinds, etc. up to ten kinds.
All these groups of wisdom, however, may be taken as coming under the three types of
wisdom given above. For example, in the Vibhanga, after the group of the three kinds of
wisdom, namely, CintÈmaya, etc. are enumerated DÈnamaya PaÒÒÈ, SÊlamaya PaÒÒÈ and
BhÈvanamaya PaÒÒÈ. DÈnamaya PaÒÒÈ is wisdom formed of generosity. Volition
associated with generosity is of three kinds, namely, volition that arises before, volition
that arises during and volition that arises after the offering. The wisdom associated with
these volitions in each case is
DÈnamaya PaÒÒÈ
. Similarly, in the case of observance of
morality, wisdom that arises with the intention: ‚I will observe the precepts‛, wisdom that
arises while observing and wisdom that arises on reflection after observing the precepts, all
three are SÊlamaya PaÒÒÈ.
If the
DÈnamaya PaÒÒÈ
and
SÊlamaya PaÒÒÈ
have been deduced through one's process of
thinking and reasoning, then it is to be classed as
CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ
; if it has been gained
through hearing from others, they are to be included in
Sutamaya PaÒÒÈ
. Other kinds of
wisdom can similarly be classified under the same three heading of
CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ
, etc.
The teaching ‚
paripucchanto budham janam paÒÒÈ paramitam gantvÈ
—— accomplishing
the Perfection of Wisdom by learning from the wise,‛ in the BuddhavaÑsa clearly indicates
that the Buddha regards the
Sutamaya PaÒÒÈ
as the basic wisdom. This is because in this
world, one, who has not yet acquired basic wisdom, cannot know any thing through
thinking it out for himself; he has to learn it first from the wise by listening to them.
Therefore, the Buddha has expounded that one, who wishes to fulfil the Perfection of
Wisdom, should first acquire knowledge from the wise before he has any basic wisdom.
In brief, Wisdom through hearing (
Sutamaya PaÒÒÈ
) should be acquired before Wisdom
through thinking (
CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ
).
The Commentaries such as the Atthasalini describe the innumerable lives of the
Bodhisatta, for example, as the wise men Vidhura, MahÈ Govinda, Kudala, Araka, Bodhi
the Wondering Ascetic, Mahosadha, etc. when he had to fulfil the Perfection of Wisdom.
In these lives, the Bodhisatta had already acquired basic wisdom; he also possessed
therefore
CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ
. As his basic wisdom was already great enough, acquiring
Sutamaya PaÒÒÈ was no longer his chief concern in those existences.
Four Kinds of Kavi
The
Catukka NipÈta
of the
A~guttara NikÈya
describes four kinds of Kavi:
(1) Cinta kavi
(2) Suta kavi
(3) Attha kavi