THE ANUD¢PAN¢
objects of sense desire.
The AtthasÈlini gives, in the chapter on Perfection of Renunciation, full accounts of
pÈramÊ
fulfilled by the Bodhisatta when he was Prince Somanassa, Prince HatthipÈla,
Prince Ayoghara, etc. in innumerable existences. The Commentary gives the special names
of
Paramattha
PÈramÊ
, Supreme Perfection, to the Perfection of Renunciation fulfilled by
King C|la Sutasoma.
In the case of Prince Somanassa, Prince Ayoghara, Prince HatthipÈla, and Prince Temiya,
they were youthful persons at the time of their renunciation. Renunciation by King MahÈ
Janaka was more difficult than theirs because he was an older and married man. He became
a
bhikkhu
without the knowledge of his Queen, lesser Queens and royal attendants. And
only at the time of renunciation that he faced difficulty, as he was pursued by his Queens
and retinue to persuade him to return to them. They had not taken any measures to ensure
that he would not go forth as a
bhikkhu
or renounce the worldly life.
As for the eighty-four thousand kings, such as Maghadeva, they openly and publicly
declared their intention to renounce. In spite of the entreaties of their families, they refused
to yield and made their renunciation. But they did not go very far. They dwelt in their own
mango groves near their palaces.
In contrast to them, King C|la Sutasoma announced his intention of leaving the world as
he was deeply stirred by spiritual sense of urgency on seeing a grey hair on his head.
Although his Queens, royal parents and the assembled citizens prayed in tears to him to
give up his plan, he remained firm and indifferent to their earnest pleas and went away till
he reached the Himalayas. Therefore, renunciation of King C|la Sutasoma was far more
powerful than those of King Maghadeva, etc. On this account, the Commentator has
described the Perfection of Renunciation fulfilled by King C|la Sutasoma as of the highest
type,
Paramattha PÈramÊ
.
(d) The Perfection of Wisdom (PaÒÒÈ-PÈramÊ)
Three Kinds of Wisdom
The Vibhanga of the Abhidhamma, in the section on Nana Vibhanga, mentions three
kinds of Wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
):
(a) CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ,
(b) Sutamaya PaÒÒÈ, and
(c) BhÈvanamaya PaÒÒÈ.
(a) Knowledge of various kinds, whether low or noble, including various crafts and
professions, etc., which are acquired through one's own reasoning and not through asking
others or hearing about it from others, is called CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ (‘
cinta
’ - thinking; ‘
mÈyÈ
’
- formed of; hence, literally, wisdom formed of thinking.)
This kind of wisdom includes not only thoughts on mundane affairs but also on
things concerning Dhamma matters. Therefore, it comprises the knowledge of
ordinary worldly things, such as carpentry, agriculture, etc., as well as the
knowledge of things of Dhamma nature, such as Generosity, Morality,
Concentration and VipassanÈ Insight Meditation. The Omniscience (
sabbaÒÒuta-
ÒÈÓa
) of the Buddhas may even be called CintÈmaya PaÒÒÈ, if one wishes to do so,
because the Bodhisatta, Prince Siddhattha, had thought out by himself the practice
leading to Omniscience without hearing of it from anyone and became Omniscient.
However, Wisdom as the fourth Perfection to be fulfilled by the Bodhisatta should
be considered as only the group of fundamental knowledge necessary for the
attainment of knowledge of the Path and Fruition State and Omniscience. We are
not concerned here with the group of Wisdom, which is acquired in the final
existence of a Bodhisatta, entitling him to Buddhahood. Bodhisattas, fulfilling the
Perfection of Wisdom before the last life, practised only up to the first part of the