THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1598
endowed with morality who use the requisites after due reflection may be reckoned
as a
sekkha
, noble person. Therefore, use of requisites after due reflection by such
puthujjanas
endowed with morality is also reckoned as use like getting an
inheritance.
Of these four kinds of use, use like a master by an
arahat
is the noblest; a bhikkhu who
wishes to use the requisites like a master should fulfil the
Paccayasannissita-sÊla
by using
the four requisites only after due reflection.
Morality in Groups of Fives
(1) Morality is of five kinds:
(a) Pariyanta Parisuddhi SÊla,
(b) Apariyanta Parisuddhi SÊla,
(c) Paripunna Parisuddhi SÊla,
(d) AparÈmattha Parisuddhi SÊla, and
(e) Patippassaddhi Parisuddhi SÊla.
(a) Morality consisting in limited purification (Pariyanta Parisuddhi SÊla). Morality
observed by lay devotees and
sÈmaÓeras
are called morality consisting in limited
purification, because it is limited by the number of precepts to be kept.
The Visuddhi-magga does explain the limit by the number of the precepts in Pariyanta
Parisuddhi SÊla. But the PatisambhidÈ Magga Commentary explains, as has been
mentioned before, two kinds of limit (i) limit regarding the number of precepts observed
(SikkhÈpada pariyanta); (ii) limit regarding the period of observance of precepts (Kala
pariyanta).
(i) Limit regarding the number of precepts observed: this refers to the number of
precepts traditionally observed by lay devotees, namely, one, two, three or four
precepts; five, eight or ten precepts (whatever number of precepts they can observe).
Probationers,
sÈmaÓeras
and
sÈmaÓerÊs
keep the ten precepts. This is the limit
regarding the number of precept observed.
(ii) Limit regarding the period of observance of precepts: when lay devotees make a
ceremonial offering of alms, they also observe precepts within the limited period of
the ceremony; whenever they go to monastery too, they observe precepts before
returning home, or for a few days or more during day-time or night-time. This is the
limit regarding the period of observance of precepts.
(b) Morality without limit (Apariyanta pÈrisuddhi SÊla). The Dve Matika which is the
summary of the Ubhato Vibhanga enumerates 227
sikkhÈpadas
for members of the Sangha.
When expanded, these
sikkhÈpadas
total up to nine thousand, one hundred and eighty
crores, five million and thirty-six thousand. These disciplinary rules for
bhikkhus
are
promulgated by the Buddha and were recorded in brief by the Convenors of the First
Council. The whole group of these disciplinary rules is called Apariyanta parisuddhi SÊla.
Though the disciplinary rules are laid down by the Buddha in a definite number,
the Sangha has to observe all of them without exception; furthermore, it is
impossible to foresee the termination of observance of
sÊla
through five kinds of
destruction, namely, that due to gain, that due to fame, that due to relatives, that
due to impairment of body and that due to loss of life. For these reasons, these
disciplinary rules are collectively called Apariyanta parisuddhi SÊla. This is the kind
of
sÊla
observed by the Venerable MahÈ Tissa of Ciragumba described above.
(c) Morality which is completely purified by a worldling who is striving for the spiritual
good is called Paripunna parisuddhi SÊla. His morality, since the time of admission to the
Order, has been very pure like a bright ruby properly cut or like well refined gold.
Therefore, it is devoid of even the stain of impure thoughts and becomes the approximate
cause for arahatship. Hence it is named Paripunna parisuddhi SÊla. The Venerable MahÈ