THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1596
lay down at the foot of a mango tree, which was full of fruit. Several mangoes fell
everywhere on the ground near him. But he would not think of picking up some to eat in
spite of his hunger.
At that time, an old man came near him and, seeing him in the state of exhaustion,
prepared some mango juice and offered to him. Then, carrying him on his back, the man
took him where he wanted to go. While being carried thus, the MahÈ Tissa thought to
himself: ‚This man is not my father, nor my mother, nor any relative of mine. Yet, he
carries me on his back; this is only because of the morality I possess.‛ Reflecting thus he
admonished himself to keep his morality and concentration of mind intact without
blemishes. He then developed VipassanÈ Insight and while still being carried on the back of
the man, he attained arahatship through successive stages of the Path.
This Venerable is a noble person whose abstemiousness in food serves as an example for
emulation.
While Purification of livelihood (AjivapÈrisuddhi-sÊla) is to be practised with energy
(
vÊriya
), Morality which depends upon the four requisites (Paccaya sannnissita-sÊla) should
be fulfilled with wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
). Since only men of wisdom can discern the advantages
and dangers of the four requisites, Paccaya sannissita-sÊla is the morality which is fulfilled
through wisdom. Therefore, one should make use of the four requisites, which have been
obtained lawfully, without craving for them and after reflecting with wisdom in the
aforesaid manner.
Two Kinds of Reflection (PaccavekkhaÓÈ)
There are two kinds of reflection (
paccavekkhanÈ
) on the four requisites (1) reflection at
the time of receiving them and (2) reflection at the time of using them. Not only at the time
of using the requisites but also at the time of receiving them one reflects either (a) as mere
elements (DhÈtu paccavekkhanÈ), or (b) as repulsive objects (Patik|la paccavekkhanÈ) and
put them away for later use.
(a) Reflection as elements: This robe (etc.) is a mere aggregate of eight elements which
arise when conditions are present. So is the person who uses them.
(b) Reflection as repulsive objects: Reflection on food as in meditation on perception of
foulness in nutriment (
Ahare patikula sanna
); and reflection on robes, etc. thus: ‚All
these robes, etc. which are not in themselves disgusting become utterly repulsive
when associated with this filthy body.‛
(To recapitulate, reflection is of three kinds in all: (1) MahÈ paccavekkhanÈ as
described in detail regarding the use in general of the four requisites, (2) DhÈtu
paccavekkhana, reflecting on the four requisites as mere elements, and (3)
Patik|damanasikÈra paccavekkhanÈ reflection on them as repulsive objects whether
in their own nature or when put in use.)
If a
bhikkhu
reflects on the robes, etc. at the time of receiving them and if he does again
at the time of use, his use of the requisites is blameless from beginning to end.
Four Kinds of Use
To dispel doubts about use of requisites, one should take note of four kinds of their use:
(a) Theyya paribhoga
Use like an act of thieving (theyya paribhoga): use of requisites by an immoral person
even in the midst of the Sangha is called theyya paribhoga.
(The Blessed One has permitted the use of the four requisites for men of morality.
Lay devotees also make their offerings to virtuous persons only, expecting great
benefit for their good deeds. Therefore, immoral persons have no right whatever to
enjoy the requisites.
Hence, using them without such right by immoral persons resembles an act of
thieving.)
—— Visuddhi-magga MahÈ ®ikÈ ——