THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1586
female lay devotees and who wish them ill. All these intimate associates of
bhikkhus
and
places frequented by them are wrong resort for
bhikkhus
.
‘Wrong resorts’ here refers to unwholesome friendship and association and improper
places for
bhikkhus
to visit. But if a prostitute invites
bhikkhus
for alms offering, they can
go and receive it, maintaining steadfast mindfulness. Herein, prostitutes, widows, divorced
women, spinsters, eunuchs and
bhikkhunÊs
are regarded as unwholesome resorts, because
they form the bases of five sensual pleasures. Ale houses, taverns etc. are dangerous to the
noble practice of Dhamma. Association with kings and ministers are also not beneficial;
offerings made by them may prove destructive like a thunderbolt. And the houses, where
there is no faith, where people are abusive and threatening, are unwholesome resorts
because they discourage faith and cause fear in the
bhikkhu
.
People and places as opposed to those described above constitute the
bhikkhu's
wholesome resort. Some lay people have faith and confidence in the Triple Gem; they
believe also in
kamma
and its results; they are like wells or lakes where the
bhikkhu
may
enjoy inexhaustible supply of water. Their houses are brightened by the colour of the robes
of bhikkhus who visit them frequently. The atmosphere of such a place is filled with the
breeze which is caused by movements of
bhikkhus
. Here, people wish them well, wish for
the welfare of
bhikkhus, bhikkhunÊs
and male and female lay devotees; such a house is a
wholesome resort for
bhikkhus
.
To explain still further: ŒcÈra, AnÈcÈra and Gocara.
AnÈcÈra
(Improper Conduct)
There are two kinds of improper conduct (AnÈcÈra), namely, improper bodily
conduct (KÈyika AnÈcÈra) and improper verbal conduct (Vacasika AnÈcÈra).
Improper bodily conduct (
KÈyika AnÈcÈra
)
After entering the Order, a
bhikkhu
acts disrespectfully towards the Sangha. He stands
jostling the Elders, sits jostling them, stands or sits in front of them, takes a seat higher
than that of the Elders, sits with his head covered with the robe, speaks while standing,
waves his hands while talking, walks with the footwear on while the Elders are walking
bare foot, takes a higher path while the Elders are taking a lower path, walks on a path
while the Elders are walking on the ground, sits pushing the Elders, stands pushing them
and give no place to the younger
bhikkhus
; (at the bath house) he puts faggots into stove
without permission of the Elders and closes the door; (at the bathing place) he pushes the
Elders and gets into the water in front of them, pushes them and bathes before they do,
comes out jostling them before they do, and goes before them overtaking the Elders ahead
of him; on reaching the village and town, he hurries into the laity's private and secret
chambers and ladies' rooms; he strokes children's heads (showing signs of fondness). This
is called improper bodily conduct (KÈyika AnÈcÈra).
Improper verbal conduct (
Vacasika AnÈcÈra
)
After entering the Order, a
bhikkhu
acts disrespectfully towards the Sangha. He talks
about Dhamma without asking for permission of the Elders, answers questions, recites the
PÈtimokkha
without permission; talks while standing, waves his hands while talking. On
reaching the village and town, without restraining himself, he speaks to the women or
young girls: ‚You so and so of such and such a family, what do you have? Is there rice
gruel? Is there cooked rice? Is there hard food to eat? What shall we drink? What hard
food shall we eat? What sort of food shall we eat? What will you offer me?‛, etc. This is
called improper verbal conduct (Vacasika AnÈcÈra.)
ŒcÈra
(Proper Conduct)
ŒcÈra should be understood as the reverse of the said AnÈcÈra, improper conduct.
Furthermore, a
bhikkhu
is reverential, obedient, possessed of shame and conscience, wears
his lower robe properly, wears his upper robe properly, his manners inspire reverential
faith whether moving forwards or backwards, looking sideways, bending or stretching, his
eyes are downcast, he guards the doors of his sense-faculties; he knows the right measure