THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1572
the Buddha on the subjects of the Path, the Fruition and NibbÈna truly show the
way to liberation from the cycle of rebirths and that the only way to pay respect to
the Dhamma and to honour the Dhamma is through observance of precepts.
(3) (a) ParÈmaÔÔha-sÊla, (b) AparÈmaÔÔha-sÊla, and (c) Patippassaddha-sÊla.
(a) ParÈmaÔÔha-sÊla is the same as
Nissita-sÊla
(item 4 of the Groups of Twos); it is
observed with adherence to craving or wrong view. Because of craving, one is
pleased with the thought that his morality would result in happy destination he
longs for and that it is superior to that of others. Because of wrong view, he holds
that his morality is the ‘Soul or Substance’. In either case, that morality falls under
the category of
Paramattha-sÊla
.
(Even while practising it, this morality burns with the fires of craving and wrong
view. The fires of craving and wrong view burn not only when enjoying the sense
pleasures, but even while practising alms-giving and morality. Only when the
practice of good deeds reaches the state of meditation, that it becomes immune
from the ravages of these fires. By practising (VipassanÈ Meditation) till one
comes to realize that this body is not self, not a personality but mere phenomenon
of matter and mind, one can become free from the fires of wrong personality-
belief,
sakkaya-diÔÔhi
).
(b) AparÈmaÔÔha-sÊla is morality observed by a virtuous worldling (
kalyÈna-
puthujjana
) who is established in the Triple Gem and who has started cultivating
the Noble Path of eight constituents with a view to attain the Path and Fruition.
This is also the morality of a learner (
sekkha
) who, through cultivating the Noble
Path of eight constituents, has attained one of the four Paths or the first three
Fruitions but still has to work for the Final Goal of the Fourth Fruition.
(c) Patippassaddha-sÊla is morality that becomes calm on attaining the four Fruition
States (of
sotÈpatti, sakadÈgÈmÊ, anÈgÈmÊ
and
arahatta
).
(4) (a) Visuddha-sÊla, (b) Avisudhha-sÊla, and (c) Vematika-sÊla.
(a) Visuddha-sÊla is morality of a
bhikkhu
who has not committed a single offence (of
the Vinaya rules) or who has made amends after committing an offence.
(b) Avisuddha-sÊla is morality of a
bhikkhu
who has committed an offence and has not
made amends after committing it.
(c) Vematika-sÊla is morality of a
bhikkhu
who has misgivings about the alms-food he
has accepted (whether it is bear meat which is not allowable, or pork which is
allowable for him); who has misgivings about the offence he has committed
(whether it is a
pÈcittiya-Èpatti
or
dukkata-Èpatti
) and who is uncertain whether the
act he has done constitutes an offence or not.
(A
bhikkhu
engaged in meditation should endeavour to purify his
sÊla
if it is
impure. Should he be guilty of a light offence (i.e. one of the ninety-two
pacittiya
offences), he should remedy it by admission of the offence to a
bhikkhu
and thus
purify his
sÊla
. Should he be guilty of a grave offence (i.e. one of the thirteen
sanghÈdisesa
offences), he should approach the Sangha and confess his offence.
Then, as ordered by the Sangha
,
he should first observe the
parivÈsa
penance
7
and
then carry out the
manatta
penance
8
. Then only would his
sÊla
become pure and he
is fit for practice of meditation. Should he have doubts about the nature of the
alms-food he has accepted or of any of the actions he has done, he should
carefully scrutinize them or consult a Vinaya specialist who is learned in the
7.
ParivÈsa
: a penalty for a
sanghÈdisesa
offence requiring him to live under suspension from
association with the rest of the SaÓgha for as many days as he has knowingly concealed his
offence. At the end of this
parivÈsa
observance he undergoes a further period of penance,
mÈnatta
.
8. Manatta: a period of penance for six days to gain approbation of the SaÓgha, after which he
requests the SaÓgha to reinstate him to full association with the rest of the SaÓgha.