THE ANUD¢PAN¢
(a) When morality is observed through desire for fame, it is HÊna-sÊla. Such an
observance is an act of hypocrisy, a deceptive show of sham piety, without pure
volition for doing a genuine meritorious deed. Hence it is low (
hÊna
).
(b) Observance of morality through desire for a good destination is no doubt
associated with a certain amount of greed, but it is a wholesome wish for
beneficial results of one's good deeds and is accompanied by volition and faith.
Hence it is nobler than one observed through desire for fame.
On the other hand, since the motivating force here is still tainted with the
expectation of beneficial results from one's meritoriousness, it is not ranked a
superior kind, but only a middle one.
(c) The morality observed, not through desire for fame nor through desire for reaping
beneficial results of one's good deeds, but through understanding that observance
of precept is a noble practice for pure life and through realization that one should
indeed cultivate these practices, solely for their nobleness is known as a major
morality. Only such a morality of superior quality observed with pure wholesome
volition, unassociated with any form of greed, is reckoned as the genuine
Perfection of Morality (
SÊla-pÈramÊ
).
(When the Bodhisatta took the existence of a
nÈga
, during his two lives as
Campeyya NÈga and Bh|ridatta NÈga, he could not exert for the superior kind
of morality, but observed precepts only in the hope of attaining rebirth as a
human being. In that sense, the morality he observed was of medium quality.
Nevertheless, since he did not break the precepts and persisted in their
observance even at the risk of his life, his effort is to be regarded as fulfilment
of the Perfection of Morality).
Again:
(a) When the morality is defiled by demeritorious thoughts of self-praise and
disparagement of others such as ‚I am virtuous; others are not virtuous and inferior
to me‛, it is a minor morality.
(b) The morality which is not tainted with such defilements but is a mundane
sÊla
is a
middle morality.
(c) When the morality is free from all taints and is associated with supramundane Path
and Fruition it is classed as a major morality.
Again:
(a) HÊna-sÊla (Minor morality) is the morality that is observed with a view to attain
happy prosperous rebirths.
(b) Majjhima-sÊla (Middle morality) is one practised for self-liberation from the cycle
of suffering such as that practised by future ordinary disciples of the Buddhas or
by future Paccekabuddhas (Non-Teaching Buddhas).
(c) Panita-sÊla is observed by Bodhisattas for the purpose of liberating all beings from
the cycle of rebirths and it qualifies as Perfection of Morality (
SÊla-pÈramÊ
). (This
Commentarial statement is made with reference to the noblest type of morality.
But this does not mean that morality observed by Bodhisattas alone qualifies as
such; morality belonging to Paccekabuddhas and Disciples of a Buddha, though it
is not the noblest type, should also be recognized as Perfection of Morality).
(2) (a) AttÈdhipateyya-sÊla, (b) LokÈdhipateyya-sÊla and (c) DhammÈdhipateyya-sÊla.
(a) AttÈdhipateyya-sÊla is the morality observed out of self-respect and to satisfy one's
conscious by abandoning what is unbecoming and unprofitable.
(b) LokÈdhipateyya-sÊla is the morality observed out of regard for the world and to
ward off censure of others.
(c) DhammÈdhipateyya-sÊla is the morality observed in reverence to the glory of the
Buddha's Teaching. One who practises this
sÊla
is convinced that the discourse of