THE ANUD¢PAN¢
lawful sexual relation, eating in the afternoon, dancing, singing, playing music, etc. in
using high and luxurious beds could lead one to wrong conceptions. One could easily take
the wrong view that all such acts are faultless, blameless and, therefore, one is then liable
to indulge in them more and more with the accompaniment of wrong view (
micchÈ-
diÔÔhi
). It is most important that one should not fall into such error of conception.
Killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and taking intoxicants, being demeritorious
wrong deeds, invariably lead to the lower planes of existence. There is no escape from
their ill consequences. That is why noble persons (
ariyas)
, will never do such acts, even if
they are under the threat of death to do so. They will willingly give up their lives rather
than acquiesce to do such acts, because they have uprooted, through
magga
Insight, all
traces of latent tendency (
anusaya
) to do demeritorious acts. Just because
ariyas
, such as
the ‘Stream Winners’, ‘Once-Returners’ and ‘Non-Returners’, indulge in taking food in
the afternoon, etc. just as ordinary persons do, it is not correct to say that they do so with
identical mental attitudes in their various acts.
The
ariyas
do not look upon objects of sense pleasure in the same way an ordinary
worldling does; their manner of indulgence in sense pleasure is also different from that
of worldlings.
The Commentary to the A~guttara NikÈya (
AN I, p.350
) says that the
ariya's
attitude
towards pleasurable sense objects is like that of a clean brahmin, who, pursued by an
elephant in rut, seeks refuge with loathing and much reluctance in a dumping ground of
excreta. When oppressed by craving for sensual pleasures, the defilement that has not
been eradicated by the knowledge of the Path, the ‘Stream Winner’ or the ‘Once
Returner’ deals with objects of sensual pleasures with mind unaccompanied by wrong
view, just to pacify, subdue the burning heat of the defilement.
This exposition deserves careful consideration. Citing the example of
ariya
persons such
as VisÈkhÈ, the worldling is liable to say wrongly that the
ariyas
indulge in sense-
pleasures exactly in the same way as he does. As pointed out in the A~guttara
Commentary, the
ariyas
enjoy sense pleasures, with mind unaccompanied by wrong view,
just to calm the burning desire, which is the defilement they have not yet destroyed with
the knowledge of the Path, whereas the worldling indulges in sense pleasures generally
with mind associated with wrong view.
To summarise, one may have sex relation with one's spouse, take meal in the afternoon,
dance, sing, play music, etc. and use high and luxurious beds, etc. with mind accompanied
by wrong view resulting in rebirths in the lower planes of existence, or with mind
unaccompanied by wrong view, not resulting in the lower planes of existence. Therefore,
abstinence from these four actions (which may not lead to the lower planes of existence)
should be classed as
CÈritta-sÊla
and not as
VÈritta-sÊla
.
The division of the Eight Precepts into four
CÈritta-sÊla
and four
VÈritta-sÊla
is tenable
only when the vow of abstinence is made, separately for each individual precept as is
current now. Should the vow be taken for the whole group of the Eight Precepts, saying:
‚I observe the Eight precepts,‛ it would simply be observance of
CÈritta-sÊla
, because the
Eight Precepts constitute a code of morality which one may or may not observe.
As for the Five Precepts, whether the vow is taken for the Five Precepts as a whole or as
separate individual precepts, its observance is practice of
VÈritta-sÊla
definitely. (More
detailed treatment of
VÈritta
and
CÈritta-sÊlas
is given in the Chapter on Miscellany
below).
Of the two categories of
SÊla
, observance of
CÈritta-sÊla
can be accomplished only when
one is endowed with faith and energy. Faith is believing that good results will follow
good deeds of practising morality; and energy means the relentless effort with which one
observes the precepts in keeping with his faith.
No special effort is needed to become accomplished in the observance of the
VÈritta-sÊla
.
It requires only faith. Mere refrain through faith from doing deeds which the Buddha has
taught to be demeritorious is sufficient for the fulfilment of
VÈritta-sÊla
.
(2) Group of moral practices (AbhisamÈcÈrika-sÊla) which promote good conduct and