THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1556
As a matter of fact, you speak of the water in the ocean as an immeasurably huge
mass of water, likewise you say of such an offering, which is unique with these six
features, as one that will bring an immeasurably huge accumulation of merit.‛
According to this PÈli Text, it may be seen that the three qualities possessed by the donor
and the three qualities possessed by the recipients form the elements that strengthen the
beneficial results of
dÈna
. It follows from it that, to the extent that the donor and the
recipients are lacking in their respective qualities, to that extent will the act of
dÈna
fall
short of the full possible beneficial results.
Again, in the ninth birth story of MahadhammapÈla, in the Dasaka NipÈta of the JÈtaka
,
it
is mentioned that King SuddhodÈna was a brahmin in a past life. The great teacher of the
Texila, to whom he had entrusted his son for education, asked him why members of his
clan did not die young but lived to a ripe old age.
He replied in verse:
Pubbeva dÈnÈ sumanÈ bhavÈma
dadampi ve attamanÈ bhavÈma
datvÈpi ve nÈnutappÈma pacchÈ
tasmÈ hi amham dahara na mÊyare.
We feel very happy before we ever make an offering, We are delighted and
satisfied while making the offering; And we rejoice after having made the
the offering, never feeling remorseful. For these three reasons people never
die young in our clan.
From this story one can surmise that when an offering is made with fulfilment of these
three volitional conditions, the benefit that accrues from it, is enjoyment of long life in the
present existence.
Again, in the AtthasÈlini and the Dhammapada Commentary are mentioned four
conditions that bring beneficial results in the present life from an act of offering:
(a)
The materials to be offered as gifts have been acquired legitimately and equitably
(PaccayÈnam dhammikata).
(b)
They are given with faith and confidence and with fulfilment of three volitional
conditions. (CetanÈmahattÈ).
(c)
The recipient is one of high attainment, an
arahat
or an
anÈgÈmin
(Vatthusampatti).
(d)
The recipient has just arisen from ‘the unconditioned state’ (
nirodhasamÈpatti
)
(GuÓatirekatÈ).
Offerings of this kind, which bring beneficial results in the present life, were made by
people, such as PuÓÓa, KÈkavaliya and the flower girl Sumana, who reaped great benefits
from their
dÈnas
which met these four conditions completely.
In the AttahasÈlinÊ, these four conditions for a gift are termed, ‘the four purities of gifts
(
dakkhinÈ visuddhi
)’; in the Dhammapada Commentary, they are called ‘the Four
Accomplishments (
SampadÈ
)’.
Again, there is a list of four kinds of purity (
dakkhinÈ visuddhi
) connected with an act of
dÈna
given in the DakkhinÈ Vibha~ga Sutta of the UparipannÈsa PÈli. They are:
(1) A gift made pure by the donor but not by the recipient. (Even if the recipient is of no
moral virtue (
dussÊla
), if the donor is virtuous and makes an offering of what has been
acquired legitimately and equitably, with pure and good volition before, during and
after giving the
dÈna
and does it with full faith in the law of cause and effect, then the
dÈna
is pure because of the donor and will bring great benefit.)
(2) A gift made pure by the recipient but not by the donor. (Even if the donor is of no
moral virtue, and makes an offering of what has been acquired illegitimately and
unequitably, and does not have pure, good volition before, during and after giving the
dÈna
, and without faith in the law of cause and effect, if the recipient is morally