THE ANUD¢PAN¢
(repeat p2:) in the NimmÈnarati
deva-world.
(7) Hearing that the ParanimmitavasavattÊ
devas are (repeat p1:) in the
ParanimmitavasavattÊ
deva-world (repeat p2:) in the ParanimmitavasavattÊ
deva-world.
(8) Hearing that the BrahmÈs live a long life, having beautiful appearance and enjoying
happy, blissful lives, one makes the
dÈna
, wishing to be reborn in the BrahmÈ-world
and at the same time taking care to lead a life of morality. After death, one gains
rebirth in the BrahmÈ-world as one has wished.
It should not be concluded from the above statement that giving of alms alone is a sure
guarantee for a happy life in the BrahmÈ-world. As stated under the eighth type, in the
above two categories, it is only by making the mind soft and gentle through offering of
alms and through development of concentration up to the Absorption stage,
jhÈna
, by
practising meditation on the four illimitables, namely, Loving-Kindness (
MettÈ
),
Compassion (
KaruÓÈ
), Sympathetic Joy (
MuditÈ
) and Equanimity (
UpekkhÈ
) that one can
gain rebirth in the BrahmÈ-world.
(D) Again in the seventh
sutta
of the same Dana Vagga is given the following list of eight
dÈnas
given by a moral person (
sappurisa-dÈna
):
(1) Giving of gifts which have been made clean, pure and attractive.
(2) Giving of gifts of choice materials and of excellent quality.
(3) Giving of gifts at proper and appropriate times.
(4) Giving of gifts which are suitable for and acceptable by the recipient.
(5) Giving of gifts, after making careful selection of the recipient and the objects to be
offered (
viceyya-dÈna
). Excluding persons of immoral conduct, the selected recipients
should be moral persons who follow the Teachings of the Buddha. As to the materials
to be offered, when possessing things of both good and bad quality, better quality
materials should be selected for making a gift
(6) Giving of gifts according to one's ability in a consistent manner.
(7) Giving of gifts with a pure, calm mind.
(8) Giving of gifts and feeling glad after having done so.
(E) A separate list of eight types of gifts made by persons of immoral conduct
(
Assappurisa-dÈna
) is not given as such in the Texts, but one could surmise that they
would be as follows:
(1) Giving of gifts which are unclean, impure and unattractive.
(2) Giving of gifts of inferior quality.
(3) Giving of gifts at improper and inappropriate times.
(4) Giving of gifts which are unsuitable for the recipient.
(5) Giving of gifts without making careful selection of the recipient and the objects to be
offered.
(6) Giving of gifts only occasionally although one is capable of doing so in a consistent
manner.
(7) Giving of gifts without calming the mind.
(8) Giving of gifts feeling remorse after having done so.
Types of DÈna by Groups of Nines
The Vinaya ParivÈra PÈli Text mentions the Nine types of giving which were taught by
the Buddha as not valid as a deed of offering (Adhammika-dÈna). The Commentary on the
Text explains these nine types of gifts as follows: