THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1552
last type of
dÈna
is unique, one which promotes joy and delight in one who is practising
Concentration and Insight meditation, and renders great assistance to his endeavours in
meditation. The first seven modes of giving do not arouse and encourage the mind in the
work of Concentration and Insight Meditation and of them, the first and the fifth are
superior ones (
panita
). The seventh type is an inferior one (
hÊna
), while numbers 2, 3, 4, 6
are of medium status.
The eight categories of
dÈna
may be divided into two groups: PuÒÒavisaya-dÈna,
dÈna
which belongs to the sphere of meritorious giving and Lokavisaya-dÈna,
dÈna
which
belongs to the sphere of worldly gifts. The first, the fifth and the eighth are PuÒÒavisaya-
dÈna and the remaining five belong to the Lokavisaya type.
(B) Again, the third sutta in the DÈna Vagga, AÔÔhaka NipÈta, A~guttara NikÈya provides
another list of eight dÈnas.
(1)
DÈna
made out of affection.
(2)
DÈna
made under unavoidable circumstances, made reluctantly and showing
resentment.
(3)
DÈna
made through bewilderment and foolishness without understanding the law of
cause and effect.
(4)
DÈna
made through fear of censure, through fear of rebirth in the realms of misery
and suffering, through fear of harm that may be caused by the recipient.
(5)
DÈna
made with the thought: ‚It has been the tradition of generations of my ancestors
and I should carry on the tradition‛.
(6)
DÈna
made with the objective of gaining rebirth in the deva realms.
(7)
DÈna
made with the hope of experiencing joy and delight with a pure mind.
(8)
DÈna
made with the idea that it will serve as an instrument to help one attain
concentration when one fails to achieve it while practising Concentration and Insight
Meditation.
Of these eight categories of
dÈna
also, only the eighth kind is the noblest; the sixth and
the seventh are PuÒÒavisaya type of
dÈna
and are quite meritorious. The remaining five are
of inferior type belonging to the Lokavisaya types.
(C) Again, in the fifth sutta of the DÈna Vagga, Atthaka NipÈta,
A~guttara NikÈya, the
Buddha had taught comprehensively on the subject of gaining rebirths as a result of
giving alms,
danupapatti
. According to the eight kinds of destination to be gained as
future births, the
dÈnas
are divided into eight categories:
(1) Seeing the happy circumstance of rich and prosperous people in this life, one makes
the
dÈna
wishing for such wealth and comfortable life in the future and at the same
time taking care to lead a life of morality. After death, his wish is fulfilled; he gains
rebirth in the human world in happy, comfortable, wealthy circumstances.
(2) Hearing that the CatumahÈrÈjika
devas are (p1:)
powerful beings leading a life of
comfort and pleasures, one makes the dÈna wishing for such powerful, comfortable life
full of pleasures in the CatumahÈrÈjika
deva
-
world
(p2:)
and at the same time taking
care to lead a life of morality. After death, his wish is fulfilled; he is reborn
in the
CatumahÈrÈjika
deva-world
.
(3) Hearing that the TÈvatiÑsa
devas are (repeat p1:) in the TÈvatiÑsa deva-world (repeat
p2:) in the TÈvatiÑsa
deva-world.
(4) Hearing that the YÈma
devas are (repeat p1:) in the YÈma
deva-world (repeat p2:) in
the YÈma
deva-world.
(5) Hearing that the TusitÈ devas are (repeat p1:) in the TusitÈ deva-world (repeat p2:) in
the TusitÈ deva-world.
(6) Hearing that the NimmÈnarati
devas are (repeat p1:) in the NimmÈnarati
deva-world