THE ANUD¢PAN¢
(2)
DÈna
made without due reverence or considerations.
(3)
DÈna
made without offering it with one's own hands; (For example, the
dÈna
of King
PÈyÈsi
6
, who instead of presenting the gifts with his own hands, had his attendant
Uttara do so for him.)
(4)
DÈna
made in the manner of discarding one's leftovers.
(5)
DÈna
made without the knowledge that the good deed done now, will surely bring
good results in the future (
kammassakatÈ-ÒÈÓa
).
Five Kinds of Sappurisa-dÈna
There are five kinds of gifts made by men of virtue:
(1)
DÈna
made after seeing carefully that the gift to be offered is properly prepared, fresh,
wholesome and clean.
(2)
DÈna
made with due reverence, with the mind firmly placed on the material for
offering.
(3)
DÈna
made with one's own hands. (Throughout the beginningless cycle of existences,
the beginning of which we have no knowledge, there have been many existences in
which one is not equipped with hands and feet. In this existence, when one has the rare
fortune of being equipped with complete limbs, one should avail oneself of this rare
opportunity of offering gifts with one's own hands, reflecting that one would work for
liberation making use of the hands one is fortunate enough to be born with).
(4)
DÈna
made with due care, and not as if one is discarding one's own leftovers.
(5)
DÈna
made with the knowledge that the good deed done now, will surely bring good
results in the future.
These two groups of five kinds of gifts are described in the seventh
sutta
of the Tikanda
Vagga, PaÒcaka NipÈta, A~guttara NikÈya.
Another five kinds of gifts made by men of virtue (Sappurisa-dÈna).
(1)
DÈna
made with faith in the law of cause and effect (saddhÈ-dÈna).
(2)
DÈna
made after seeing carefully that the gift to be offered is properly prepared fresh,
wholesome and clean (sakkacca-dÈna).
(3)
DÈna
made at the right time, on the proper occasion (kÈla-dÈna). (When it is the meal-
time, alms food is offered; when it is the KaÔhina season, robes are offered).
(4)
DÈna
made with a view to rendering assistance to the recipient or to show kindness to
him (anuggaha-dÈna).
(5)
DÈna
made without affecting, in any way, one's dignity and the dignity of others
(anupaghÈta-dÈna).
All of these five kinds of gifts give rise to great wealth, riches and prosperity. In
addition,
saddhÈ-dÈna
results in fair, handsome appearance. As a result of
sakkacca-dÈna
,
one's followers and attendants are attentive and obedient. Resulting from
kÈla-dÈna
are
benefits that come at the right time and in abundance. As a result of
anuggaha-dÈna
, one is
well disposed to enjoy the fruits of one's good deeds and is able to do so in full. As a result
of
anupaghÈta-dÈna
, one's property is fully protected against the five destructive elements
(water, fire, king, thieves and opponents. This classification of five kinds of
DÈna
comes in
6. PÈyÈsi, a chieftain at Setavya in the kingdom of Kosala, was reborn in Catumaharajika as a result
of his alms-giving in the human world. He related his past experiences to the visiting
MahÈthera
Gavampati. He said he had given alms without thorough preparation, not with his own hand,
without due thought, as something discarded. Hence his rebirth in that lowest of the six celestial
planes. But Uttara, the young man who supervised his alms-giving at his request, was reborn in a
higher abode, TÈvatimsa, because he gave with thorough preparation with his own hand, with due
thought, not as something discarded. The story teaches the right way of alms-giving.