THE ANUD¢PAN¢
of offering, and the body of the Dhamma which lies embedded in the person of the
Venerable Œnanda is the recipient of the gift.
This householder was not the only one who made such offerings at the time of the
Buddha, keeping in mind the Dhamma as the recipient of offering. The Text clearly
mentions that the great ruler, Siri DhammÈsoka (Asoka), with much pious reverence for the
Dhamma built monasteries, 84,000 in all, one in honour of each of the 84,000 groups of
Dhamma (Dhammakkhandha) which form the complete Teaching of the Buddha.
(Note of Caution) ..... Many have heard of this great
dÈna
of Asoka and have desired to
imitate him in such giving. But it is important to follow his example in a proper manner.
The real motive of the great King Asoka was not merely giving of monasteries, but the
paying of respect to the groups of Dhamma individually. Building of monasteries serves
only to provide him with materials for offering. Later generations of donors, who wish to
follow the example of Siri DhammÈsoka, should understand that they build monasteries not
just as objects for offering, not with the intention of acquiring the fame of being a
monastery donor, but with the sole aim of paying homage to the Dhamma.
The significance of these
dhamma-dÈnas
may be appreciated when one remembers the
importance of the Teaching (the Dhamma). The great Commentator, the Venerable MahÈ
Buddhaghosa concluded his work AÔÔhasÈlinÊ, the Commentary to the Dhammasa~gaÓÊ, the
first book of the Abhidhamma, with the wish ‚May the true Dhamma endure long. May all
beings show reverence to the Dhamma. ——
Ciram tiÔÔhatu saddhammo, dhamme hontu
sagÈravÈ, sabbepi sattÈ.
‛ He made this wish because he was fully aware of the important
role of the Dhamma. He realised that as long as the Dhamma endures, the Teachings of the
Buddha cannot decline and everyone who honours the Dhamma will show reverence to the
Teachings and follow them. And the Buddha had said: ‚Only those who see the Dhamma,
see me.‛ And nearing the end of His life, the Buddha had said that ‚The Dhamma will be
your teacher after I am gone. ——
So vo mamaccayena satthÈ
.‛
Therefore, one should strive to cultivate this third type of Dhamma-dÈna which plays
such an important role.
(6) Another three types of
dÈna
are classified as Dukkara-dÈna, gift which is difficult to
be given; MahÈ-dÈna, awe inspiring gift of great magnificence; and SÈmaÒÒa-dÈna,
common forms of gifts, which are neither too difficult to make, nor too magnificent.
An example of the first type, Dukkara-dÈna, may be found in the story of
dÈna
given by
DÈrubhaÓÉaka Tissa. This story is given in the commentary to the 28th vagga of
EkadhammajhÈna, Ekakanipata of the A~guttara NikÈya.
The Story of The DÈna given by DÈrubhaÓÉaka
There was a poor man who lived in MahÈgÈma of Sri Lanka, and who earned his living
by selling firewood. His name was Tissa, but because his livelihood was selling firewood,
he was known as DarubhaÓÉaka Tissa (Tissa who has only firewood as property).
One day he had a talk with his wife: ‚Our life is so humble, wretched, lowly, although
the Buddha had taught the benefits of nibaddha-dÈna, the observance of the duty of regular
giving, we cannot afford to cultivate the practice. But we could do one thing; we could start
giving
alms-food
regularly, twice a month, and when we could afford more, we will try for
the higher offering of food by tickets
5
(
salÈkabhatta
).‛ His wife was agreeable to his
proposal and they started giving whatever they could afford as alms-food the next morning.
That was a very prosperous time for the
bhikkhus
who were receiving plenty of good
food. Certain young
bhikkhus
and
sÈmaÓeras
accepted the poor alms-food offered by the
DarubhaÓÉaka’s family, but threw it away in their presence. The housewife reported to her
husband: ‚They threw away our alms-food,‛ but she never had an unpleasant thought over
5. According to I.B.Horner (Book of the Discipline), food tickets were issued at times when food was
scarce. But the story of DÈrubbanÉaka suggests that the same is adopted also when food is
abundant as a higher form of
dÈna
.