THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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gifts,
kÈla-dÈna
; all other gifts made as one wishes without reference to any particular time
are called
akala-dÈna
.
KÈla-dÈna is of greater merit than the akÈla type because the offering is made to meet the
specific needs at a specific time. The
kÈla
type of
dÈna
, at the time of its fruition, brings
specific good results at the time they are needed. For example, if the donor wishes for
something special to eat, his wish is immediately fulfilled; likewise if he wishes to have
some special clothes to wear, he will receive them. These are examples of special merit that
accrues from offerings made at specific times to meet specific needs.
21. Paccakkha/ Apaccakkha DÈna
Offerings made in the presence of the donor, (paccakkha-dÈna). Offerings made in the
absence of the donor, (apaccakkha-dÈna).
The PÈli word, ‘paccakkha’ is made up of ‘
pati
’ and ‘
akkha’
. ‘Pati’ means towards;
‘
akkha’
means five senses, viz. eye, ear, nose, tongue, body. Although ‘
paccakkha’
is
generally ‚before the eye‛, its complete meaning should be ‚perceptible to the senses‛.
Thus
paccakkha-dÈna
has wider scope, not just the kind of offering which can be seen by
the donor but also those which can be perceived by his other senses, i.e. by sound, by
smell, by taste and by touch. In this connection, it should be noted that offerings made in
the presence of the donor,
paccakkha-dÈna
, is not exactly the same as
sÈhatthika-dÈna
, that
made with one's own hands. Offerings made in one's presence at one's instance but not
actually with one's own hands are of the
anattika-dÈna
type, offerings made at one's
request or command.
22. Sadisa/Asadisa DÈna
Offerings which can be matched by someone else (Sadisa-dÈna). Offerings which cannot
be matched by anyone, unrivalled alms-giving, (Asadisa-dÈna.)
When offerings are made in a spirit of competition, donors make efforts to excel their
rivals in the scale and magnificence of charity. In such competitions, the offerings that
prove to be incomparable, inimitable is called unrivalled alms-giving,
asadisa-dÈna
.
According to the Dhammapada Commentary, as explained in the story of Unrivalled
alms-giving in the Loka-vagga, only one donor appeared during the time of each Buddha to
make an unrivalled offering. The story runs as follows:
At one time, the Buddha, after going on a long journey followed by five hundred
arahats
,
arrived back at the Jetavana monastery. King Pasenadi of Kosala honoured the Buddha and
His five hundred disciples by inviting them to the palace and offering them alms on a
magnificent scale. The King invited also the people of SÈvatthi to his ceremony of offering
so that they could watch and rejoice in his meritorious deed. The next day, the people of
Savatthi, rivalling the King, organized the resources of the whole city and gave offerings
which surpassed those of the King, to the Buddha and His disciples. They invited the King
to their ceremony to observe their deed and rejoice in it.
Catching on the spirit of competition, the King accepted the challenge of the citizens by
conducting a more magnificent ceremony of offering the following day. The citizens in
turn organized again another grand ceremony of offering to outdo the efforts of the King.
In this manner, the keen contest between the King and his citizens went on until either side
had made six offerings. (The contest still remained indecisive.)
As the seventh round came along, the royal donor was feeling despondent: ‚It will be
very difficult to surpass the efforts of the citizens in this seventh round; and life would not
be worth living, if I, the sovereign ruler of the land, were to lose to the people over whom
I rule, in this round.‛ (To console him), his Queen, MallikÈ, thought out a plan by which
the King could make a truly majestic offering which the people would find impossible to
match. She had a grand pavilion built, in which, five hundred great disciples of the Buddha,
the
arahats
, were to sit in the pavilion with five hundred princesses fanning them and
spraying perfumes and scented water in the pavilion. At the back of the five hundred
arahats
, there would be five hundred elephants, kneeling down and holding a white