THE ANUD¢PAN¢
me and I take possession of them.‛ He has the right (according to the Vinaya rules) to do
so; he cannot be faulted for monopolising the offering made to the Sangha. If the
bhikkhu
is not proficient in Vinaya rules, he would not know what to do. And without resolving,
determining: ‚I am the sole owner. I take possession of them,‛ and suppose he left for
another place taking the robes with him, and the
bhikkhus
he met there should ask him how
he came by the robes. Suppose, on learning how he had come by them, these
bhikkhus
claimed their share of the robes, saying: ‚We also have the claim on them,‛ and
consequently all the robes were divided equally with them. Then this sharing of the robes is
deemed to be a good one. But suppose, without sharing the robes, he should continue on his
way and encounter other
bhikkhus
, these
bhikkhus
would also be entitled to receive their
share of the robes. In this way, wherever the
bhikkhu
would go, taking the robes with him,
the
bhikkhus
of those places would be entitled to the robes. Hence it is called ‘Gatagata
Sa~ghika’ (
Gatagata
- wherever one has gone;
Sa~ghika
- belonging to the Sangha.)
(d) CatuddisÈ Sa~ghika. Offerings which belong to all
bhikkhus
who come from the four
directions. Such offerings include gifts which are weighty and important, which are to be
treated with deference, for example, monasteries. They are not to be apportioned but for
use by Sangha coming from all directions. Hence it is called ‘Catuddisa Sa~ghika’
(
CatuddissÈ
- from four directions;
Sa~ghika
- belonging to the Sangha.)
Not being mindful of the fact that these four categories are mentioned in the Vinaya rules
to provide measures for distinction of ownership and distribution of the offerings made to
the Sangha, some (
bhikkhus
) make use of these Vinaya provisions when lay people make
offerings. To give an illustration, suppose a donor, actuated by pious devotion to a certain
bhikkhu
, builds a monastery, though not intending for him, but for the whole Sangha. For
the libation ceremony, he invited ten
bhikkhus
including the
bhikkhu
to whom he has so
much devotion. After recitation of the Parittas
4
, when the time comes for actual
announcement of the offer, the
bhikkhu
wants to be offered the monastery as a
puggalika-
dÈna
; offering made to a particular individual because he feels that living in a monastery
meant for the whole Sangha entails so much liabilities and responsibilities. But the donor
prefers to make it a
sa~ghika-dÈna
because, he believes, such
dÈna
is superior and of much
merit. The congregation resolves the disagreement between the donor and his preceptor by
asking the donor to make the offering saying: ‚I give this monastery to the Sangha who is
present here now‛ (
SammukhÊbh|ta Sangha
). Then nine
bhikkhus
of the congregation,
saying to the remaining one: ‚We relinquish all our right of possession of the monastery to
your reverence,‛ hand over the new monastery to him and leave.
In this manner, such procedures are liable to be followed, believing that by so doing the
donor's wish for a
sa~ghika-dÈna
is fulfilled and the recipient who prefers individual
ownership is also happy since the nine co-owners have relinquished their right of
possession of the monastery making him the sole owner.
But, in reality, such a procedure is not proper and should not be followed. The gift of a
monastery is a weighty, important one; the ten
bhikkhus
to whom the monastery has been
offered cannot make any kind of apportionment of the offering between them; and the
donor's gift amounts to be only a gift to the ten
bhikkhus
present on the occasion only and
not to the Sangha as a whole.
20. KÈla/AkÈla DÈna
Offerings to be made on specific occasions (KÈla-dÈna); offerings which may be made at
any time (AkÈla-dÈna).
Offering of KaÔhina robes at the end of the Buddhist
vassa
for the duration of one month,
offering of robes at the beginning of the Buddhist
vassa
, offering of dietary food to the
sick, offering of food to visiting
bhikkhus
, offering of food to
bhikkhus
, who is setting out
on a journey, are gifts made at a specific time for a specific purpose and are called timely
4.
Parittas
: lit. protection; it is a Buddhist custom to recite certain
suttas
such as MaÒgala, Ratana,
Metta, etc. to ward off evil influences.