THE ANUD¢PAN¢
reverence to the Sangha, one makes a truly
sa~ghika-dÈna
.
Story concerning A Donor of A Monastery
This incident happened on the other side of the ocean, i.e. in India. A rich householder,
who had already donated a monastery, intended to make an offering to the Sangha. After
making necessary preparations, he went to the Order of Bhikkhus and addressed them:
‚Venerable Sirs, may you designate someone to receive my offering for the Sangha?‛ It
happened that it was the turn of an immoral
bhikkhu
to represent the Sangha for alms.
Although the man knew well that the designated
bhikkhu
was immoral, he treated him with
full respect: the seat for the
bhikkhu
was prepared as for a ceremonious occasion,
decorated with a canopy overhead, and scented with flowers and perfumes. He washed the
feet of the
bhikkhu
and anointed them with oil very reverentially as if he were attending
upon the person of the Buddha Himself. He then made his offering to the
bhikkhu
paying
full homage to the Sangha.
That afternoon, the immoral
bhikkhu
went back to his house and standing at the doorway
asked for a hoe, which he needed to make some repairs in the monastery. The donor of the
monastery did not even bother to get up from his seat, he simply pushed the hoe towards
the
bhikkhu
with his feet. The members of his family then asked him: ‚Respected Sir, this
morning you had heaped upon this
bhikkhu
so much veneration; now you have shown him
not even a small part of that deference. Why is this difference between the morning and the
afternoon in your attitude towards the
bhikkhu
?‛ The man replied: ‚My dear ones, the
respect I was showing this morning was towards the Sangha not to this immoral
bhikkhu
.‛
Some Considerations about Puggalika-dÈna and Sa~ghika-dÈna
There are some people who maintain that if some person should approach one for alms
and if one knew beforehand that the person was of bad morality, one should not make any
offering to that person; if one should do so, it would be like watering a poisonous plant.
But it could not be said that every act of offering made knowingly to immoral persons is
blameworthy. It is the volition of the giver that must be taken into account here. If the
donor should approve of the bad habits of the recipient and give with a view to give him
support and encouragement for continuance of his immoral practices, then only his gift
would be like watering a poisonous plant. If the donor does not approve of the bad habits
to the recipient and has no mind to encourage him to continue with his bad practices, but
emulating the example of the monastery donor described above, if he makes his gift in
such a way that it becomes a true
sa~ghika-dÈna
, then no blame can be attached to such an
offering.
Again there are some who maintain that whether the recipient is of good moral character
or bad moral character is no concern of the donors; it only concerns the recipient.
Therefore, remaining indifferent to the character of the recipient, whether good or bad, the
donor should bear in mind: ‚This is a noble person, an
ariya
(or an
arahat
).‛ They
maintain that this act of offering is blameless and as fruitful as making an offering to an
arahat
. This point of view is also untenable.
Disciples of other teachers, who are not in a position to know whether a person is an
ariya
or an
arahat
, wrongly believe their teachers to be Noble Ones,
arahats
. This sort of
belief, called ‘MicchÈdhimokkha
’
, making the wrong decision or conclusion, is
demeritorious. Surely it would be demeritorious and would be making a wrong decision if
one were to bear in mind ‘these are noble,
arahats
’ when one knew full well that they were
not. It is not proper, therefore, to hold such views.
When faced with such recipients in making one's offering, the proper attitude to bear in
mind should be ‚Bodhisattas, in fulfilment of Perfection of Generosity, make their offering
without discriminating between persons of high, medium or low status of development. I
will also emulate the examples of the Bodhisattas and make my offerings to whoever
comes for them, without discrimination.‛ In this way, one would not be giving support and