THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1538
enlightened, noble persons (
ariyas
); such and such
bhikkhus
are ordinary persons of
morality; such and such
bhikkhus
are devoid of morality.’ That the devas come and
give me this prior information about the
bhikkhus
is nothing surprising to me; the
wonder is that when I make offering of meals or material things to the Sangha such
thoughts as ‘I will offer much to this individual because he is an enlightened noble
person, of good morality; or I will offer little to this individual since he is of poor
morality’ would never occur to me. As a matter of fact, without differentiation as to
who is noble, who is moral or who is immoral, I make my offerings impartially to
each and everyone. This is the sixth wonder.
(7) Venerable sir, devas come and tell me that the doctrine of the Buddha is well-taught,
it has the merit of being well-taught. This news conveyed to me by the devas is
nothing surprising to me. The wonder is that, on such occasions, I reply to the devas:
‘Devas, whether you tell me so or not, verily, the doctrine of the Buddha is well-
taught.’ (He believes that the doctrine of the Buddha is well-taught, not because the
devas tell him, but because he himself knows it to be so). Although I hold such
communications with devas, I feel no pride in that the devas come to me and that I
have conversations with them. This is the seventh wonder.
(8) There is nothing surprising too, if I should pass away before the BhagavÈ did and He
would foretell: ‘The householder Ugga has completely destroyed the lower Five
Fetters which lead to rebirth in the lower sensuous realms; he is an
anÈgÈmin
. Even
before the Buddha's prediction, I have become an
anÈgÈmin
and I have already
known this. This is the eighth wonder.
Of these eight wonders described by the householder Ugga. the sixth is concerned with
making impartial offerings to the noble, the moral or the immoral alike. It is necessary to
know how one can be impartially minded in such circumstances. The impartial attitude can
be understood to be brought about in this manner, ‘As I have made the invitation with
intention to give to the Sangha, the whole Order, when I make the offering to a noble one, I
will not recognise him as such; I will not consider that I am making the offering to a noble
one; I will keep in mind only that I am making my offering to the Sangha, the noble
disciples of the Buddha as a whole. And when I make the offering to an immoral person, I
will not recognise him as such; I will not consider that I am making the offering to an
immoral person; I will keep in mind only that I am making an offering to the Sangha, the
noble disciples of the Buddha, as a whole. In this manner, impartiality may be maintained.’
Emulating the example set by the householder Ugga. when making an offering one
should ignore the status of the recipient, keep aside personal feelings towards him, and
strive to keep firmly in mind only on the Order of Bhikkhus as a whole, so that his
dÈna
may be of the noble
sa~ghika-dÈna
type. As taught explicitly by the Buddha in the
DakkhinÈ-Vibha~ga Sutta mentioned above, when an offering is of
sa~ghika
type, that is
with the whole community of
bhikkhus
in mind when making it, it could bring
innumerable, inestimable benefits to the donor, even if the recipient is an immoral person
devoid of virtues.
An offering is of
sa~ghika-dÈna
type when it is made with full reverence to the Sangha;
but it is not always easy to do so. Suppose a person decides to make a
sa~ghika
type of
offering, having made the necessary preparations, he goes to a monastery and addresses the
bhikkhus
: ‚Reverend Sirs, I wish to make a
sa~ghika
type of offering; may you designate
someone from amongst the Sangha as its representative’. Should the
bhikkhus
nominate a
novice whose turn it is to represent the Sangha, the donor is likely to be displeased; should
they choose an elderly
thera
of long standing to represent them, he is likely to be
overwhelmed with intense delight, exulting: ‚I have an elderly
thera
of long standing as my
donee.‛ Such generosity, affected by the personality of the donee, cannot be a perfect
sa~ghika
type of offering.
Only if one can accept the representative nominated by turn by the Sangha without any
misgiving and without concerning oneself about whether the recipient is a novice or a
bhikkhu
, a young
bhikkhu
or an elderly
bhikkhu
, an ignorant
bhikkhu
or a learned
bhikkhu
,
and makes one's offering, thinking only: ‚I make my offering to the Sangha.‛ with full