THE ANUD¢PAN¢
robes because the ceremony of libation was performed with them; the other group to which
the robes were offered directly had also a claim on them since they had the robes already
in their possession. Therefore, the two groups must divide the robes equally among
themselves. This method of distribution is a practice followed by tradition in regions on the
other side of the Ocean.‛
‚Regions on the other side of the Ocean,‛ from Sri Lanka implies ‚the JambudÊpa‛, i.e.
India. Therefore, it should be noted that the ceremony of libation is a practice traditionally
followed by the people of India.
Considering that there are regions where they set a great store by ceremony of libation
and there are regions where they set no great store by the ceremony of libation, it cannot
be said that an offering constitutes an act of generosity only when it is finalised by a
ceremony of libation. The ceremony is important only for those who follow the tradition of
libation; it is clear that no significance is attached to it by those who do not follow the
tradition. It should be noted, therefore, that a libation ceremony is not a primary factor for
the successful completion of an act of generosity.
(b) With respect to the gift of the Teaching (
dhamma-dÈna
)
,
there are, nowadays, people
who are unable to teach the Dhamma, but who, bent on making a gift of the Teaching,
spend money on books, palm-leaf scripts, etc. (of Canonical Texts) and make a gift of
them. Although such a donation of books is not truly a gift of the Teaching, since a reader
will be benefitted by reading in the books, practices and instructions which will lead one to
NibbÈna, the donor may be regarded as one who makes a gift of the Teaching.
It is like the case of one who has no medicine to give to a sick person, but only a
prescription for a cure of the illness. When the medicine is prepared as prescribed and
taken, the illness is removed. Although the person does not actually administer any
medicine, because of his effective prescription, he is entitled to be regarded as one who has
brought about the cure of illness. Likewise, the donor of books on Dhamma who
personally cannot teach the Dhamma enables the readers of his books to attain knowledge
of the Dhamma and thus is entitled to be called the donor of the gift of Dhamma.
Now, to conclude this section, the pair of gifts mentioned above, namely, Amisa-dÈna
and Dhamma-dÈna may also be called Amisa-p|jÈ, honouring with material things and
Dhamma-p|jÈ, honouring with the Teaching; the terms means the same thing.
The word ‘
P|jÈ
’ means ‘honouring’ and is generally used when a younger person makes
an offering to an older person or a person of higher status. Depending on this general
usage, some people have stated that
dÈna
should be divided into ‘
p|jÈ-dÈna
’ and
‘
anuggaha-dÈna
’; ‘
p|jÈ-dÈna
’, honouring with an offering when the gift is made by a
younger person or a person of lower status to an older person or person of higher status;
and ‘
anuggaha-dÈna
’ offering to render assistance out of kindness when a gift is given by
an older person or a person of higher status to one who is younger or of lower status.
But as we have seen before in the Chapter on ‘Prediction’, the word ‘P|jÈ’ can be used
for both the high or the low and the word ‘Anuggaha’ is likewise applicable to both cases.
It is true that generally, ‘
anuggaha
’ is used when the giving is made by the high to the low
or by the old to the young. But we must, however, remember the usages of ‘
amisÈnuggaha
’
and ‘
dhammÈnuggaha
’ to describe the assistance rendered and support given, for the
progress and development of the Buddha’s Teaching. Here the word ‘anuggaha’
is
employed even though the gift is being made to the highest and the noblest Teaching of the
Buddha. Thus, it should be noted that the division into
p|jÈ-dÈna
and
anuggaha-dÈna
is not
an absolute division into two aspects of
dÈna
, but rather a classification following common
usage.
2. Ajjhattika/BÈhira DÈna
Offering of one’s own person (Ajjhattika-dÈna) and offering of external properties
(BÈhira-dÈna).
Offerings of one’s own person means giving away of one’s own life and limbs. Offerings