THE ANUD¢PAN¢
(iii)
Relinquishing of children.
(iv)
Relinquishing of wife.
(v)
Relinquishing of one’s life.
The same list is found in the Sub-commentary to the JinÈla~kÈra but arrange in a
different order.
Although each of the above lists is made up of slightly different items, it should be noted
that the essentials are the same in all of them, namely, external objects and one’s own
body. Under external objects, we find material things apart from one’s own body, viz.
relinquishing of wealth; relinquishing of of wife and children, very dear to oneself;
relinquishing of kingdom, a most important treasure of one’s own. With regard to the
relinquishing of one’s own body, it falls under two modes: one that does not endanger life,
that is relinquishing of the limbs (
angapariccÈga
) and the other endangers life, that is
relinquishing of the eyes (
nayanapariccÈga
), or relinquishing of life (
jivitapariccÈga
) and
relinquishing of one’s own body (
attapariccÈga
). Here, it is explained giving one’s own
eyes or giving one’s own body involves the risk of losing one’s life, so these are
considered to be essentially the same as giving one’s life.
The great ceremony of offering performed by King Venssantara when he gave away
seven kinds of objects, one hundred each in number, is described by the Commentary as
MahÈdÈna
and not
MahÈpariccÈga
. But one can argue that this great offering can be
considered as one of the Five Great Abandonings, namely, great relinquishing of wealth.
Miscellaneous Notes on Different Aspect of DÈna
For the edification of those aspirants who ardently strive for attainment of perfect Self-
Enlightenment of a Buddha, or for Self-Enlightenment of a Paccekabuddha, or for the
Enlightenment of a disciple of a Buddha, we provide herewith miscellaneous notes on
different aspects of Generosity, which forms a part of the conditions for obtaining
Enlightenment. These notes are given in the form of answers to the following questions:
(i)
What things are called DÈna?
(ii)
Why are they called DÈna?
(iii)
What are the characteristics, functions, manifestations and proximate causes of
DÈna?
(iv)
How many types of DÈna are there?
(v)
What are the elements that strengthen the beneficial results of DÈna?
(vi)
What are the elements that weaken the beneficial results of DÈna?
(This form of treatment will be adhered to when dealing with other Perfections
too.)
1. WHAT THINGS ARE CALLED DŒNA?
In brief, it should be answered that ‘the volition to give a suitable thing’ is called DÈna.
The meaning will become clearer in the following passages.
2. WHY ARE THEY CALLED DŒNA?
The volition is called DÈna because it is responsible for an act of generosity to take place.
There can be no generosity without the volition to give; an act of generosity is possible
only when there is the volition to give.
In this connection, by volition is meant:
(i) the volition that arises at the time of donation. It is called ‘
muÒca-cetanÈ
’,
‘relinquishing’ volition, ‘
munca
’ meaning relinquishing. It is only this volition, which
accompanies the act of relinquishing, that forms the true element of generosity.
(ii) The volition that arises in anticipation before one makes the donation is called