THE ANUD¢PAN¢
(9) Loving-kindness (
mettÈ
)
(10) Equanimity (
upekkhÈ
)
(The full meaning of these Perfections will become clear in the following passages.)
Concerning these Perfections, it has been mentioned in the Chapter: The Rare Appearance
of a Buddha, that there are four kinds of cultivation of mind. One of these cultivations
deals with the fact that from the time Bodhisattas receive definite assurance from a Buddha
about their Buddhahood till the last rebirth when they actually become a completely Self-
Enlightened Buddha, there is no period in this very long interval in which they do not
practise for fulfilment of the Ten PÈramÊs (Perfections) at the very least, they do not fail to
fulfil the Perfection of Generosity. It fills us with devotional inspiration to reflect on these
noble practices pursued by the Bodhisattas.
The Characteristics, Functions, Manifestations and Proximate Causes of The Perfections
A person practising VipassanÈ Meditation must come to know the nature of
nÈma
and
r|pa
by means of their characteristics, functions, manifestations and proximate causes.
Then only will he come to possess a clear view of them. Similarly, it is only when one
knows the characteristic, function, manifestation and proximate cause of the Perfections
then one will have a clear understanding of them. Therefore, we find in the Commentary to
the Cariya PiÔaka a separate chapter on the characteristic, function, manifestation and
proximate cause of the Perfections.
A feature common to all the Ten Perfections is that they have the characteristic of
serving the interest of others. Their function is (a) providing assistance to others (
kicca-
rasa
); (b) being endowed with steadfastness (prosperity, success), fulfilment (
samÈpatti-
rasa
). Their manifestation is (a) the recurring phenomenon of the quest for the welfare and
benefits of being; or (b) the recurring phenomenon of appearing in the mind (of
Bodhisatta) that it is useful means of bringing about Buddhahood. Their proximate cause is
(a) great compassion or (b) great compassion and skilfulness as to means and ways.
It is necessary to provide a few explanations on the above definitions. Characteristic
(
lakkhaÓa
) has two aspects: (i) SamannasabhÈva, the ordinary feature of each thing, i.e. the
feature applicable to others also and (ii) VisesasabhÈva, the peculiar feature which is not
applicable to others. For example, amongst the material qualities, the Earth-element of the
Four Great Elements has two characteristics, namely, impermanence and hardness. Of
these, the characteristic of impermanence is a feature applicable to other elements and is
thus an ordinary feature only, whereas, the characteristic of hardness is the unique feature
of the Earth-element only, is not shared by others and is thus its special feature.
Function (
rasa
) has also two aspects to it: (i) Kiccarasa, function that which is to be
performed; (ii) Sampattirasa, fulfilment, attainment. For example, when meritoriousness
arises, it does so after counteracting or obliterating demeritoriousness. Thus, it is said that
the function of meritoriousness is the counteracting of demeritoriousness. The final
fulfilment of a meritorious act is production of beneficial results; thus the function of
meritoriousness is the attainment of beneficial results.
Whenever a person ponders deeply on certain mind-objects, what usually appears in his
mind relates to the nature of the mind-object under consideration; relates to its function;
relates to its cause; relates to it effect. The manifestations which thus appear in his mind
concerning the mind-object he is thinking about is called its manifestation. For example,
when a person starts to investigate ‘what is meritoriousness?’, it would appear in his mind,
‘meritoriousness is of the nature of purity’ regarding its nature; ‘meritoriousness is that
which counteracts or obliterates demeritoriousness’ regarding its function; ‘meritoriousness
is possible only when one associates with the good and virtuous’ regarding its cause;
‘meritoriousness is that which enables production of desirable results’ regarding is fruition.
The immediate, and the most powerful contributory factor for its arising is called the
proximate cause. For example, of many factors which cause the arising of meritoriousness,
proper attitude of mind is the immediate and the most powerful contributory factor for its
arising and is therefore termed its proximate cause, PadatthÈna, in the Texts.