THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1520
‘more’. Because future Buddhas ‘put in’ more and more such virtues as
sÊla
(morality), etc.,
in their mental process, they are called parama.
Or
paraÑ
means ‘different from’ or ‘opposed to’; the root is ‘mi’ meaning ‘to crush’.
Because future Buddhas crush all their enemies, which in the form of impurities, are
different from and opposed to all virtues, they are called parama.
Or
pÈra
, a noun, is attached to the root, ‘maja’ meaning ‘to purify’;
pÈra
means ‘the other
shore’. Here
saÑsÈra
is to be taken as ‘this shore’ and NibbÈna ‘the other shore’. Because
future Buddhas purify themselves as well as others on the other shore of NibbÈna, they are
called pÈramÊ.
Or
pÈra
, a noun, is attached to the root ‘mava’ meaning ‘to bind’ or ‘to put together’.
Because future Buddhas bind or put beings together in NibbÈna, they are called pÈramÊ.
Or the root is
maya
, meaning ‘to go’. Because future Buddhas go to the other shore of
NibbÈna, they are called pÈramÊ.
Or the root is
mu
, meaning ‘to understand’. Because future Buddhas fully understand the
other shore of NibbÈna as it really is, they are called pÈramÊ.
Or the root is
mi
meaning ‘to put in’. Because future Buddhas put in and convey being to
the other shore of NibbÈna, they are called pÈramÊ.
Or the root is
mi
, meaning ‘to crush’. Because future Buddhas crush and eradicate in
NibbÈna the impurities which are enemies of being, they are called pÈramÊ.
(These are the various meanings presented in accordance with
sabhavanirutti
(natural
etymology). They are not random attempts.)
ParamÈnaÑ ayaÑ paramÊ
: PÈramÊ means property in the form of practices of future
Buddhas; (or)
paramÈnaÑ kammaÑ paramÊ
; paramÊ means duties of future Buddhas;
Paramissa bhÈvo pÈramitÈ paramissa kammaÑ pÈramitÈ
: duties that bring about knowledge
that such a person is a future Buddha.
All this means: A series of duties such as
dÈna
and others to be fulfilled by future
Buddhas is called paramÊ (or pÈramitÈ).
In the JinÈla~kÈra Sub-commentary, it is said: ‚
PÈraÑ nibbÈnaÑ ayan ti gacchanti etÈhi ti
pÈramiyo, nibbÈnasÈdhakÈ hi dÈnacetanÈdayo dhammÈ paramÊ ti vuccanti
,‛ meaning to say
that ‚
DÈna cetanÈ
or the volition of alms-giving, etc. which forms the way to NibbÈna, the
other side of
saÑsÈra
, should be called
paramÊ
.‛
In the CariyÈpitaka Commentary, it is said:
taÓhÈmÈnadiÔÔhÊhi anupahatÈ
karun’|pÈyakosalla-pariggahita dÈnÈdayo gunÈ pÈramiyo
, PÈramÊ is constituted by virtues,
such as
dÈna
, etc. that are to be grasped by means of compassion and cleverness.
Compassion is shown towards beings who are not spoiled (overwhelmed) by craving, pride
and wrong view. Cleverness means wisdom in seeking ways and means. DÈna, etc. (that are
to be guided by compassion and wisdom) are to be named
pÈramÊ
. (This explanation is
made with special reference to
pÈramÊ
of Sambuddhas.)
Perfections
The Ten Perfections are:
(1) Generosity (
dÈna
, translated sometimes as charity, liberality or just alms-giving)
(2) Morality or Virtue (
sÊla
)
(3) Renunciation (
nekkhamma
)
(4) Wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
)
(5) Energy (
vÊriya
)
(6) Forbearance or Patience (
khantÊ
)
(7) Truthfulness (
sacca
)
(8) Determination or Resolution (
adhitthÈna
)