THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1518
said than done. Indeed, it is only with the support of the beneficial results of past acts of
generosity that the three training of morality, concentration and insight wisdom can be
cultivated successfully.) Therefore, it is most important for those who still have to go on
this long journey of
saÑsÈra
(the cycle of existence), to cultivate generosity. Only when
one is equipped with ‘provisions for the long journey’, namely, generosity, then only one
can reach good destination; and while there, possessing material wealth as the fruits of
generosity of past lives, one can devote oneself to the pursuit of whatever meritorious
deeds one wishes to.
Among the travellers in the round of this cycle of
saÑsÈra
, Bodhisattas are the greatest
individuals. Among receiving a definite prophecy from a Buddha of his gaining
Buddhahood, a Bodhisatta continues to fulfil the Perfections for the attainment of
Omniscience (
sabbaÒÒuta-ÒÈÓa
) for four incalculable world-cycles plus a hundred
thousand aeons. A Paccekabuddha, i.e. a non-teaching Buddha, had to fulfil His Perfections
for two incalculable world-cycles plus a hundred thousand aeons; an
agga-sÈvaka
, a Chief
Disciple of a Buddha, for one incalculable world-cycle plus a hundred thousand aeons; and
a
mahÈ-sÈvaka
, one of the Leading Disciples, for one hundred thousand world-cycles.
Therefore, for Bodhisattas, who are great travellers on the long journey of
saÑsÈra
,
Perfection of Generosity is of primary importance and as such, a place of prominence is
given to steadfast fulfilment of the Perfection of Generosity in the PÈli Text concerning the
Chronicle of the Buddhas.
Thus, as the discourse in the SaÑyutta PÈli, mentioned above, was addressed to
individuals who are ripe for attainment of arahatship, those, who have not yet fulfilled the
Perfections, should not say that Perfection of Generosity is not essential.
Those are some who ask if it is possible to attain NibbÈna by practising only generosity.
It may be replied that, practising only one Perfection by itself, neither generosity, nor
morality, nor meditation will result in attainment of NibbÈna. For practising generosity
alone implies that it is not accompanied by morality nor by meditation. Similarly, practising
meditation alone means that it is practised without the support of morality and generosity.
When not restrained by morality, one is liable to indulge in evil acts. If such a person of
evil habits attempts to practise meditation, his efforts will be futile like a good seed which,
when put on red-hot iron, does not produce a sprout but turns to ashes. Thus, it should be
noted that it is improper to speak of ‘practising generosity alone.’
In the chapter on generosity in the Chronicle of the Buddhas, it is clearly stated that alms
should be given irrespective of the recipient’s status, whether high, medium or low. In view
of such a firm statement, it is neither desirable nor necessary to pick and choose the
recipient when one makes an offering.
But in the DakkhiÓÈvibha~ga Sutta of the UparipaÓÓÈsa, Majjhima NikÈya, the Buddha
taught seven kinds of gifts to be made to Sangha, the Community of Bhikkhus, and
fourteen kinds of gift to be made to individual recipients. It is pointed out with regard to
fourteen kinds of gifts made to individual recipients, the merit gained increases according
to the recipient going up from the lowliest animals to the highest beings; the most
meritorious gift is, of course, that made to the Community of
Bhikkhus
.
Again in the Ankura Peta story of Peta Vatthu, we find the story of two devas. When the
Buddha taught the Abhidhamma while being seated on the Sakka’s throne in the abode of
TÈvatiÑsa, two devas, Indaka and Ankura, went to listen to the discourse. Whenever
powerful devas arrived, Ankura had to make way for them and move back until he was ten
yojanas
away from the Buddha.
But Indaka remained in his seat; he did not have to move. The reason is as follows: At
the time when the life span was ten thousand years, Ankura was a human being and was
very rich. Throughout that life he made offerings of meals to large numbers of ordinary
people, cooking the meals on fireplaces which stretched for twelve yojanas. Because of the
merit gained, he had taken rebirth as a deva. Indaka, however became a deva because he
had offered a spoonful of rice to Arahat Anuruddha.
Although the offering Indaka had made was just a spoonful of rice, the recipient was an