THE ANUD¢PAN¢
born with three root-conditions
2
, well established in morality, ardently develops
concentration and insight wisdom, he can unravel the tangled network of craving. Here, the
Buddha mentions only the three trainings, viz. Morality (
sÊla
), Concentration (
samÈdhi
) and
Insight Wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
); there is not even a hint about the practice of Generosity.
Furthermore, as the Visuddhi-magga (The Path of Purification) Commentary which is the
expository treatise on the single verse of SagÈthÈvagga SaÑyutta quoted above does not
touch upon the subject of Generosity and as the Noble Path of Eight Constituents which
leads to NibbÈna includes the paths concerning morality, concentration and wisdom only,
and there is no path including generosity, some people misconstrue that generosity is not
regarded by the Buddha as essential, that it is not conducive to attainment of NibbÈna, that
it generates more rebirths in the cycle of existence and as such generosity should not be
cultivated.
The well-known Minister of King Mindon, U Hlaing of Yaw, went so far as to write in
his book, ‘The Taste of Liberation’ (Vimuttirasa) that the Buddha taught generosity only
for the sake of very ordinary people such as the rich man’s son, SiÒgÈla.
There are many Buddhists who are offended by such observation as ‘generosity should
not be cultivated’ and who are indignant at Yaw minister’s writing that ‘the Buddha taught
generosity only for the sake of very ordinary people’. But mere dislike of such views and
indignation with them serves no purposes. What is more important and helpful to oneself is
to understand correctly what the Buddha means by His Teaching.
Concerning the aforesaid verse of the SagÈthÈvagga SaÑyutta, what one should
understand as the true meaning of the Buddha’s discourse is as follows: This discourse was
taught by the Buddha for the benefit of those superior persons who are capable of striving
hard for complete eradication of defilements, for the attainment of arahatship in the present
life, with no more rebirth. If such a superior person actually strives hard for the attainment
of arahatship in this very life and if, as a consequence of his strenuous efforts, he becomes
an arahat, there is no need for him to set up a new life. Generosity is an act which
generates new life, new pleasures; for the person who will break the circle of the existence
in this very life, there will be no more rebirths. Since there will be no new life for him to
reap the benefits of generosity, acts of giving by him are unnecessary. That is why the
Buddha, for the benefit of superior persons, dwells in this discourse of the SaÑyutta mainly
on morality, concentration and insight wisdom which are more important than generosity
for the purpose of eradication of the defilements. The Buddha does not say at all that
generosity should not be cultivated.
Generosity has the quality of making the mind and heart pliable. When someone makes a
generous offer of some gift, the very act of giving serves as a decisive support
3
to make
the mind more pliable and ready for observance of precepts, for cultivation of
concentration and for development of insight wisdom through practice of VipassanÈ
meditation. It is within the experience of every Buddhist, that a feeling of awkwardness and
embarrassment arises in him whenever he visits, without an offering, monasteries or
temples for the purpose of keeping precepts, of listening to Dhamma talks or for the
practice of meditation. Therefore, it was customary for the noble disciples like VisÈkhÈ to
bring an offering, such as rice, sweets or fruits in the morning and beverages and medicinal
preparations in the evening, whenever she visited the Buddha.
Everyone, who does not become an
arahat
in this life, will go through more rounds in the
cycle of existence. In doing so, it will be difficult for them to attain favourable states of
existence without practising generosity in the present life. Even if they happen to gain a
good rebirth, they will find themselves lacking in material possessions, without which they
cannot do meritorious deeds. (In such a case, it may be argued that they could devote
themselves to the practice of morality, concentration and insight wisdom. But this is easier
2. Three root-conditions (
Tihetu-patisandhika
) - a being whose conciousness of the moment of rebirth
is accompanied by three root-conditons of greedlessness, hatelessness, undeludedness.
3.
Upanissaya-Paccaya
: life immediate support.