THE ANUD¢PAN¢
(7) Pavattaphalabhojana. A hermit who lives on the fruits that fall by throwing stone or a
stick at them. He thinks to remove the bark is wearisome.
(8) Pandupalasika. A hermit who lives only on leaves, flowers and fruits that fall naturally
from trees.
The PaÓÉupalÈsika are divided into three types:
(1) UkkaÔÔha-paÓÉupalÈsika, he who remains seated without arising and who lives on
leaves, flowers and fruits that fall within his reach.
(2) MajjhuÑ-paÓÉupalÈsika, he who moves from tree to tree and subsists only on
leaves, flowers and fruits that fall from a single tree.
(3) MuduÑ-paÓÉupalÈsika, he who moves from tree to tree in search of leaves,
flowers and fruits that fall naturally from trees, to maintain himself.
This is the enumeration of the eight kinds of hermits as given in the commentary on the
AmbaÔÔha Sutta.
In addition, the author gives a somewhat different enumeration that is mentioned in the
commentary on the HirÊ Sutta of the Sutta NipÈta:
(1) Saputtabhariya. A hermit who leads a householder’s life earning his living by farming,
trading, etc., like KeÓiya and others.
(2) UòchÈcarika. A hermit who, living near a city gate and teaching children of Khattiya
and brahmin families, accepts only grain and crops but not gold and silver.
(3) SampattakÈlika. A hermit who lives only on food that is obtained at the meal time.
(4) Anaggipakka. A hermit who lives only on uncooked fruits and vegetables.
(5) AyamuÔÔhika. A hermit who wanders from place to place with metal or stone
implements in hand to remove the bark from trees for food whenever he feels hungry
and who observes precepts, and cultivating meditation on the four sublime illimitables.
(6) Dantal|yyaka. A hermit who wanders from place to place without metal or stone
implements in hand and who removes the bark from trees with his teeth whenever he
feels hungry and who observes precepts and cultivating meditation on the four sublime
illimitables.
(7) Pavattaphalika. A hermit who lives depending upon a natural pond or a forest and
who, going nowhere else, subsists on the lotus stems and stalks from the pond or on
the fruits and flowers from the forest grove or even on the bark of trees (when other
kinds of sustenance are not available) and who observes precepts and cultivating
meditation on the four sublime illimitables.
(8) VaÓÔamuttika. A hermit who subsists on leaves that fall naturally and observes precepts
and cultivating meditation on the four sublime illimitables.
In these two lists of eight kinds of hermits, each type is nobler than the preceding type.
Again in these lists, excepting the first type, namely, Saputtabhariya, all are holy persons,
observing precepts and cultivating meditation on the four sublime illimitables.
Sumedha came under the fourth category (of the list given in the SÊlakkhanda
Commentary), namely, Asamapaka, for one day, i.e. a hermit who collects and lives only
on cooked food; for the following days, he remained as a hermit of the eighth type,
namely, PaÓÉupalÈsika, one who lives only on leaves, flowers and fruits that fall naturally
from trees. According to the list given in the Sutta NipÈta Commentary, he came under the
eight category, namely, VaÓÔamuttika, i.e. a hermit who subsists only on leaves that fall
naturally from trees and who observes precepts and cultivating meditation on the four
sublime illimitables.
Three Kinds of Persons addressed as ‚Shin
1
‛ in Myanmar
The PÈli ‚pabbajjÈ‛ has been translated ‚going forth as a recluse‛ by teachers of old.
1. A respectful religious title, more or less equivalent to PÈli SÈmi.