THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1506
kappa or Non-empty Aeon.
Of these two, the aeon in which Buddhas do not appear is
SuÒÒa-kappa
or Empty Aeon;
it means the aeon which is void of a Buddha.
The aeon in which Buddhas appear is
AsuÒÒa-kappa
or Non-empty aeon; it means the
aeon which is not void of a Buddha.
Though Buddhas do not appear in an Empty Aeon, that there can be appearance of
Private Buddhas and Universal Monarchs, may be inferred from the UpÈli Thera Sutta in
the first Vagga of the ApÈdÈna.
In the UpÈli Thera Sutta and its Commentary, it is said two aeons prior to this one, Prince
Khattiya, son of King Aòjasa, on his departure from a park, committed an offence against
Paccekabuddha DevÊla. No text mentions the appearance of a Buddha in that aeon. In the
Commentary on the Bhaddaji Thera Sutta of the ApÈdÈna, too, it is stated that the Thera
had given alms-food to five hundred Paccekabuddhas in a
SuÒÒa-kappa
. It is clear from
these texts that Paccekabuddhas appear in
SuÒÒa-kappa
. Again the KusumÈsaniya Thera
Sutta of the ApÈdÈna mentions that ‚future KusumÈsaniya was reborn as Universal
Monarch VaradassÊ in the aeon that immediately followed.‛ The TiÓasanthara Thera Sutta
of the same work also says that ‚future TiÓasanthara Thera was reborn as Universal
Monarch Migasammata in the second aeon prior to the present one‛ suggesting that there is
the possibility of the appearance of Universal Monarchs in any empty aeon.
The Non-Empty Aeon in which Buddhas appear is divided into five classes:
(a)
the aeon in which a single Buddha appears is known as SÈra-kappa,
(b)
the aeon in which two Buddhas appear is known as ManÉa-kappa,
(c)
the aeon in which three Buddhas appear is known as Vara-kappa,
(d)
the aeon in which four Buddhas appear is known as SÈramaÓÉa-kappa, and
(e)
the aeon in which five Buddhas appear is known as Bhaddha-kappa.
The aeon that witnessed the existence of Sumedha, as mentioned in the Chapter on
Sumedha the brahmin, is
SÈramaÓÉa-kappa
because there appear four Buddhas in that aeon.
The city of Amaravati came into existence after the appearance of three Buddhas, namely,
TaÓka~kara, Medha~kara, and Sarana~kara, and before the appearance of DÊpa~karÈ.
The Name AmaravatÊ
AmarÈ
means ‚God‛ (immortal being) and
vatÊ
means ‚possession‛; hence, the great city
which gods possess.
It is stated in the Bhesajjakkhandhaka of the Vinaya MahÈvagga and other places that, as
soon as the Brahmins Sunidha and VassakÈra planned to found the city of PÈÔaliputta, gods
arrived first and distributed among themselves plots of land. These plots of land occupied
by gods of great power became residences of princes, ministers and wealthy persons of
high rank; these plots of land occupies by gods of medium power became residences of
people of medium rank and these plots of land occupied by gods of little power became
residences of people of low rank.
From this statement it may be supposed that gods arrived in hosts to take up residences
for themselves and occupied them where a great royal city was to be established.
AmaravatÊ was so named to denote the presence of gods who marked out their own
locations in the city and protected them for their habitation.
The PÈli word ‘
vatÊ
’ signifies possession in abundance. In this world, those who have just
little wealth are not called wealthy men but those who possess wealth much more than
others are called so. Therefore, the name AmaravatÊ indicates that, as it was a great royal
residential city, it was occupied and protected by a large number of highly powerful gods.
Ten Sounds
The BuddhavaÑsa enumerates only six sounds, not all ten. The MahÈparinibbÈna Sutta of
the MahÈvagga of the DÊgha NikÈya and the BuddhavaÑsa Commentary enumerates all ten.
(This is followed by a comprehensive and critical survey of the ten sounds (
dasasadda
),