THE ANUD¢PAN¢
MahÈsiva Thera, however, said: ‚The
Œyu-kappa
here is to be taken as the
MahÈ-kappa
called Bhaddaka.‛ (He said so because he held that the kamma, that causes rebirth in the
final existence of a Buddha, has the power of prolonging His life span for incalculable
years and because it is mentioned in the PÈli Texts that
ŒyupÈlakaphalasamÈpatti
, the
fruition-attainment that conditions and controls the life-sustaining mental process called
Œyusankhara, can ward off all its dangers.) But the Thera’s view is not accepted by
commentators.
The Sanghabhedakkakkhandhaka of the Vinaya C|Äavagga states: ‚He who causes a
schism of the Sangha is reborn in Niraya, realms of continuous suffering, and suffers there
for a whole
kappa
.‛ ‚That
kappa
is the life span of AvÊci, the lowest realm of continuous
suffering,‛ explains the Commentary. The life span of AvÊci inmates is equal to one
eightieth of a
MahÈ-kappa
, according to the TerasakaÓÉa-Tika, a voluminous Sub-
Commentary on the Vinaya. In the same work, it is particularly mentioned that one
eightieth of that duration should be reckoned as an
Antara-kappa
(of AvÊci inmates). It,
therefore, follows that one
MahÈ-kappa
is made up of 80
Antara-kappas
according to the
reckoning of AvÊci inmates.
It may be clarified that, as mentioned above, one
MahÈ-kappa
has four
Asa~khyeyya-
kappas
, and one
Asa~khyeyya-kappa
has 64
Antara-kappa
. Therefore, one
MahÈ-kappa
is
equivalent to 256
Antara-kappa
by human calculations.
If 256 is divided by 80, the remainder is 3(1/5) or 3.2
.
Therefore, 3(1/5)
Antara-kappa
of
human beings make one
Antara-kappa
AvÊci inmates. (In AvÊci there is no evolving and
dissolving
kappas
as in the human world. Since it is the place that knows suffering at all
times, the end of each dissolving
kappa
is not marked with the three periods of misfortune.
One eightieth of a
MahÈ-kappa
which is the life span of AvÊci inmates is their
Antara-
kappa
. Therefore by one
Antara-kappa
of AvÊci is meant 3(1/5)
Antara-kappa
human
beings.)
In this way, it may be assumed that one
Asa~khyeyya-kappa
is equal to 64
Antara-kappas
of human beings and 20
Antara-kappas
of AvÊci inmates. Therefore, when some PÈli Text
(such as the Visuddhi-magga MahÈ-TÊka, the Abhidhammattha-vibhÈvanÊ TÊka, etc.) say
that one
Asa~khyeyya-kappa
contains either 64 or 20
Antara-kappas
, the figures do not
contradict each other. The difference between the numbers (64 and 20) lies only in the
manner of calculation. It should be noted that the two are of the same length of time.
A particularly noteworthy thing is a statement in the SammohavinodanÊ, the Commentary
on the Abhidhamma Vibhanga. In the exposition NÈna-vibha~ga, it is said: ‚Only
Sanghabhedaka-kamma (the act of causing schism in the Sangha) results in suffering a
whole
kappa
. Should a man, owing to his such act, be reborn in AvÊci at the beginning or
in the middle of the
kappa
, he would gain release only when the kappa dissolves. If he
were reborn in that realm of suffering today and if the
kappa
dissolves tomorrow, he
should then suffer just one day and would be free tomorrow. (But) there is no such
possibility.‛
On account of this statement, there are some who opine that ‚The Sanghabhedaka-kamma
leads to Niraya for the whole aeon (in the sense of
MahÈ-kappa
); he who commits this
kamma gains freedom only when the
kappa
dissolves. As a matter of fact, the expression
‚
kappaÔÔhitiyo
‛ (lasting for the whole
kappa
) is explained in the Vibha~ga Commentary
only in a general manner; it does not emphatically mention the word
Maha-kappatthitiyo
(lasting for the whole
MahÈ-kappa
). The expression
kappaÔÔhitiyo
is based on a verse in the
Vinaya C|lavagga which reads to the effect that ‚having destroyed the unity of the Sangha,
one suffers in Niraya for the whole
kappa
.‛ Therefore, the
kappa
here should be taken
only as
Œyu-kappa
but not
MahÈ-kappa
. In the 13
th
chapter of the Kathvatthu Commentary,
it is said in dealing with
kappa
that the verse has been composed with reference to
Œyu-
kappa
(of AvÊci inmates) which is only one eightieth of
MahÈ-kappa
.
Divisions of MahÈ-kappa
MahÈ-kappa
is divided into two classes: (1) SuÒÒa-kappa or Empty Aeon and (2) AsuÒÒa-