THE ANUD¢PAN¢
process of dissolution (SaÑvaÔÔa-kappa), (b) the
kappa
in the state of dissolution
(SaÑvaÔÔaÔÔhÈyi-kappa). (c) the
kappa
in the process of evolution (VivaÔÔa-kappa) and (d)
the
kappa
in the state of evolution (VivaÔÔaÔÔhÈyi-kappa). That is to say, these four
Asa~khyeyya-kappas called SaÑvaÔÔa Asa~khyeyya-kappa, SaÑvaÔÔaÔÔhÈyi Asa~khyeyya-
kappa, VivaÔÔa Asa~khyeyya-kappa and VivaÔÔaÔÔhÈyi Asa~khyeyya-kappa make one MahÈ-
kappa).
Of these four Asa~khyeyya-kappas, the SaÑvaÔÔa-kappa
is the period beginning from the
falling of the great rain, which heralds the dissolution of
kappa
till the extinction of flames,
if the
kappa
is to be dissolved by fire; or till the receding of floods, if the
kappa
is to be
dissolved by water; or till the cessation of storms, if the
kappa
is to be dissolved by the air
element.
The SaÑvaÔÔaÔÔhÈyi-kappa is the period beginning from the moment of dissolution of the
world by fire, water or the air element till the falling of the great rain which heralds the
evolution of a new world.
The VivaÔÔa-kappa is the period beginning from the falling of the great rain which heralds
the evolution of the new world till the appearance of the sun, the moon, and the stars and
planets.
The VivaÔÔaÔÔhÈyi-kappa is the period beginning from the appearance of the sun, the
moon and the stars and planets to the falling of the great rain which heralds the dissolution
of the world.
Thus there are two kinds of
kappa
-dissolving rain: The first kind is the great rain which
falls in any
kappa
when it is nearing it dissolution either by fire, or by water, or by the air
element. First, there is a great downpour of rain all over the universe which is to be
dissolved. Then, taking advantage of the rain, people start cultivation. When plants, which
are big enough for cattle to feed on, appear, the rain ceases completely. It is rain which
heralds the dissolution of a
kappa
.
The second kind is also a great downpour but it falls when a
kappa
is to be dissolved by
water. It is not an ordinary rain-fall, but a very unusual one, for it has the power to smash
even a rocky mountain into smithereens.
(An elaborate description of the dissolution of a
kappa
by fire, water or the air element is
given in the chapter on the PubbenivÈsÈnussati AbhiÒÒÈ of the Visuddhimagga translation.)
The above-mentioned four Asa~khyeyya-kappas are of the same duration, which cannot be
reckoned in terms of years. That is why they are known as Asa~khyeyya-kappas (Aeons of
Incalculable Length).
These four Asa~khyeyya-kappas constitute one MahÈ-kappa (Great Aeon). The Myanmar
word ‘kambhÈ’ is (sometimes) used in the sense of the PÈli MahÈ-kappa. The Myanmar
language has no separate word for Asa~khyeyya-kappa, but it adopts Asa~khyeyya-kap as a
derivative from PÈli.
Antara-kappa, etc
At the beginning of the
VivaÔÔaÔÔhÈyi Asa~khyeyya-kappa
(i.e. the beginning of the world)
people live for incalculable (
asa~khyeyya
) years. As time goes on, they are overcome by
such mental defilement as
lobha
(greed),
dosa
(anger), etc. and consequently their life span
gradually decreases until it becomes only ten years. Such a period of decrease is called
HÈyana-kappa in PÈli or
hsuk-kap
or
chuk-kap
(aeon of decrease) in Myanmar.
On the contrary, owing to the occurrence and uplift of such wholesome principles as
sublime states of mind, namely,
mettÈ
(loving-kindness), etc. the life span of generations of
their descendents doubles up gradually until it becomes incalculable years. Such a period of
increase in life span from ten years to incalculable years is called Vaddhanap-kappa in PÈli
or
tat-kap
(aeon of increase) in Myanmar. (For further details of these two periods of
increase and decrease in the human life span, refer to Cakkavatti Sutta of the PÈthika
Vagga in the DÊgha NikÈya.)
Thus, the life span of human beings goes up and down between ten years and incalculable