THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
104
CÈgÈdhiÔÔhÈna
, of the Second
JhÈna
; through
UpasamÈdhiÔÔhÈna
, of the Third
JhÈna
;
through
PaÒÒÈdhiÔÔhÈna
, of the Fourth
JhÈna
.
Thus it should be understood how all the
pÈramÊs
are included in the Four
AdhiÔÔhÈnas
accompanied by various attributes.
How all the PÈramÊs are counted as Two Factors
Just as all the
pÈramÊs
are included in the Four
AdhiÔÔhÈnas
, they are also counted as two
factors, namely, Compassion (
karuÓÈ
) and Wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
). True, it is only the virtues,
such as
dÈna
, etc., founded on Compassion and Wisdom which are the requisites for
Perfect Self-Enlightenment resulting in attainment of Omniscience.
(This is the synopsis of the PÈramÊs)
What has been described in This chapter
How the thirty
pÈramÊs
are reduced to ten; how the Ten
PÈramÊs
are reduced to six:
DÈna
,
SÊla
,
KhantÊ
,
VÊriya
,
JhÈna
and
PaÒÒÈ
; then how these six
pÈramÊs
are reduced to the
Four
AdhiÔÔhÈnas
; and finally, how all the
pÈramÊs
are reduced to two factors: Compassion
and Wisdom.
13. What are The Factors for accomplishing The PÈramÊs
To the question, ‚What are the factors for accomplishing the
pÈramÊs
?‛ the answer is:
They are:
(1) developing four kinds of
bhÈvanÈ
,
(2) reflecting upon what oppose the
pÈramÊs
and dispelling them, and
(3) surrendering oneself to the Buddha.
In short, the means for accomplishing the
pÈramÊs
are (a) extinction of self-love, and (b)
development of love for other beings.
To elaborate:
(1) The four good means for accomplishing the
pÈramÊs
are development and
accumulation of all the requisites, such as
pÈramÊ
,
cÈga
,
cariya
, not omitting any of
them with the sole aim of achieving Omniscience (
SabbasambhÈra
-
bhÈvanÈ
); with high
esteem and reverence (
Sakkacca-bhÈvanÈ
); without interruption throughout all
existence (
Nirantara
-
bhÈvanÈ
); throughout the long duration without slacking before
he becomes a Buddha (
CirakÈla
-
bhÈvanÈ
).
(2) The Bodhisatta has to abandon, before hand, all his personal possession, even before
alms-seekers appear at his door, with the determination: ‚Offer I will, without
wavering my life as well as the wealth and property that I possess, if people come to
ask for them. I will make use of only what remains, after I have given?‛
In this manner, he has made up his mind, in advance, to abandon whatever property he
possesses. But there are four factors which hinder his giving them away (
dÈna
vinibandha
):
(a) not being accustomed, in the past, to the practice of giving,
(b) not having sufficient quantity of things in his possession,
(c) things in his possession being too good to give away, and
(d) worrying over the depletion of things in his possession.
Of these four hindrances,
(a) when the Bodhisatta possesses things to give away and alms-seekers have arrived and
yet the Bodhisatta's mind is not inclined to give, he realizes; "Surely, I was not
accustomed to giving in the past; therefore the desire to give does not arise now in me
in spite of such favourable circumstances." Then he reflects:
‚Although the desire to give does not arise in me, I will make a gift so that I
will get accustomed to giving and take delight in it. From now on, I will
make generous offerings. Have I not already decided to give all my
belongings to those who seek alms?‛