Chapter VII
(2) extracting of essence from one's wealth, from one's physical body and from one's life;
(being associated with five enemies, wealth and property are void of intrinsic values;
their real worth is giving them away (
dÈna
); being subjected to various ills and
ailments, the body is devoid of substance; its real essence is observance of precepts
(
sÊla
); ultimately ending up in destruction, life is devoid of substance; its real essence
is development of Insight Meditation. The Commentary on the
Kanha JÈtaka
of the
Dasaka NipÈta
gives an account on these subjects);
(3) the meritorious deeds of
dÈna
,
sÊla
,
bhÈvanÈ
through the triad of
dÈna
,
sÊla
and
jhÈna
;
(4) three kinds of gift, namely, the gift of material objects, the gift of harmlessness and
the gift of Dhamma, through
dÈna
,
sÊla
and
paÒÒÈ
; (through
dÈna,
the gift of material
objects is accomplished; through
sÊla,
the gift of harmlessness and through
paÒÒÈ
, the
gift of Dhamma).
In this way, gaining of triple, quadruple benefits through the remaining triads and tetrads
may be understood as is appropriate in each case.
Method of enumerating The Six PÈramÊs by including Them in The Four Foundations
(AdhiÔÔhÈna)
43
Having shown how the Ten
PÈramÊs
could be condensed into six by combining similar
ones, it could be shown again how the Six can be included in the Four Foundations:
(i) Foundation of Truthfulness (
SaccÈdhiÔÔhÈna
) means: NibbÈna which is Absolute
Truth (the
Paramattha
Sacca
) together with initial practices which leads to NibbÈna
(
pubbabhÈga pÈÔipada
), namely, truthful speech (
vacÊ-sacca
), abstention from
falsehood (
virati
sacca
) which is mental concomitant of right speech (
sammÈ-vÈcÈ
)
and truthful wisdom (
ÒÈÓa-sacca
) which is mental concomitant of wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
).
(The
vacÊ-sacca, virati-sacca and ÒÈÓa-sacca
form a supporting foundation for the
Bodhisatta to stand on, in the course of existences during which the
pÈramÊs
are
fulfilled and in the existence when he becomes a Buddha. NibbÈna as
Paramattha
Sacca
forms a supporting foundation on which he stands when he becomes a Buddha.
Hence they constitute
SaccÈdhiÔÔhÈna
.)
(ii) Foundation of Abandonment (
CÈgÈdhiÔÔhÈna
) means: abandonment and uprooting of
all mental defilements without any remnant, by means of
arahatta-magga
and
forsaking, in the initial stage while still a Bodhisatta, of sense objects and sense
desires through fulfilment of the
pÈramÊs
, such as
dÈna
, etc., (While fulfiling the
pÈramÊs
as a Bodhisatta
,
he is not able to abandon and uproot mental defilements
without any remnant. He can only forsake sense objects as far as possible through
DÈna
PÈramÊ,
etc., and put away sense desires temporarily (
tadanga-pahÈna
) and to a
distance (
vikkhambhana-pahÈna
). Only in this way can the Bodhisatta build a
supporting foundation to stand on. Only when he achieves
arahatta-phala
and
Omniscience and becomes a Buddha is he firmly established on the foundation of
complete abandonment and uprooting of defilements without any remnant. Therefore,
complete abandonment and uprooting of defilements by means of
arahatta-magga
and
putting away sense objects and sense desires temporarily or to a distance constitute
CÈgÈdhiÔÔhÈna
).
(iii) Foundation of Tranquillity (
UpasamÈdhiÔÔhÈna
) means: complete calming of all the
‚fever of defilements‛ by means of
arahatta-magga
, allaying the suffering in the
cycle of rebirths when NibbÈna is realized, and putting away the ‚fever of
defilements‛ temporarily or to a distance through fulfilment of the
pÈramÊs
, such as
dÈna,
etc., while still a Bodhisatta. (While fulfilling the
pÈramÊs
as a Bodhisatta
,
the
‚fever of defilements‛ and suffering in the cycle of rebirth have not completely
43. Foundation (
adhiÔÔhÈna
): We have translated previously
adhiÔÔhÈna
as ‘resolution’ or
‘determination’, but these words are not applicable here and 'foundation' seems more appropriate
in this context. P.E.D gives
adhiÔÔhÈna
also ‚in the sense of fixed, permanent abode‛ besides
‘decision, resolution, self-determination, etc.’