Chapter VII
(7) Not abandoning truth on account of one's external objects is Sacca PÈramÊ; not
abandoning truth on account of one's limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., is Sacca Upa-pÈramÊ;
not abandoning truth on account of one's life is Sacca Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(8) Unshakeable determination in spite of destruction of one's external objects while
holding firmly, that ‚
PÈramÊs
such, as
DÈna
, etc., can be fulfilled only with indestructible
determination‛ is AdhiÔÔhÈna PÈramÊ; unshakeable determination in spite of destruction of
one's limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., is AdhiÔÔhÈna Upa-pÈramÊ; unshakeable determination
in spite of destruction of one's life is AdhiÔÔhÈna Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(9) Not abandoning loving-kindness towards beings (continuous suffusion of beings with
loving-kindness ) even if they have caused destruction to one's external objects is MettÈ
PÈramÊ; not abandoning loving kindness towards beings even if they have caused
destruction to one's limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., is MettÈ Upa-pÈramÊ; not abandoning
loving-kindness towards beings even if they have caused destruction to one's life is MettÈ
Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(10) Maintaining a equanimous attitude towards beings and their volitional activities,
irrespective of whether they have been helpful or harmful to one's external objects is
UpekkhÈ PÈramÊ; maintaining a neutral attitude towards beings and their volitional
activities, irrespective of whether they have been helpful or harmful to one's limbs, such as
hands, feet, etc., is UpekkhÈ Upa-pÈramÊ; maintaining a neutral attitude towards beings and
their volitional activities, irrespective of whether they have been helpful or harmful to one's
life is UpekkhÈ Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
In this way, Classification of the
PÈramÊs
should be understood.
(This is the Classification of the PÈramÊs.)
12. What is The Synopsis of The PÈramÊs
To the question, ‚What is the synopsis of the
PÈramÊs
?‛ the answer is:
The thirty
pÈramÊs
can be reduced to ten by grouping together those of same nature, (e.g.
three kinds of
DÈna
PÈramÊ
into one; three kinds of
SÊla
PÈramÊ
into one and so on).
Similarly these ten
pÈramÊs
may further be reduced to six by grouping together those of
related nature, viz., DÈna PÈramÊ, SÊla PÈramÊ, Khanti PÈramÊ, VÊriya PÈramÊ, JhÈna PÈramÊ
and PaÒÒÈ PÈramÊ.
This is how abridgement is made: Renunciation (
Nekkhamma
) means taking up an ascetic
life,
jhÈna
and general meritoriousness. Here
Nekkhamma
as taking up an ascetic life
should be counted as
SÊla
PÈramÊ
because they are of similar nature; in the same way
Nekkhamma
as
jhÈnas
, free from hindrances (
nÊvaraÓa
) should be counted as
JhÈna
PÈramÊ
; and
Nekkhamma
as general meritoriousness belong to all the six
PÈramÊs
.
Truthfulness is of three kinds: Truthful speech (
vacÊ-sacca
); abstaining from falsehood
(
virati-sacca
) which is mental concomitant of Right Speech (
SammÈ-vÈcÈ
); and truthful
wisdom (
ÒÈÓa-sacca
) which is mental concomitant of Wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
). (NibbÈna which is
Absolute Truth (
Paramattha-sacca
), is not relevant here.) Of these,
vacÊ-sacca
and
virati-
sacca
being related to
sÊla
should be counted as
SÊla
PÈramÊ
;
ÒÈÓa-sacca
being the
concomitant of wisdom should be counted as
PaÒÒÈ
PÈramÊ
.
MettÈ
PÈramÊ
which is similar in nature to
JhÈna
PÈramÊ
is thus included in the latter.
UpekkhÈ
PÈramÊ
consists of concomitant of
TatramajjhattatÈ
and
PaÒÒÈ
;
TatramajjhattatÈ
should be counted as the
JhÈna
PÈramÊ
to which it is related; and
concomitant of
PaÒÒÈ
which is the same as
NanupekkhÈ
should be counted as
PaÒÒÈ
PÈramÊ
.
AdhiÔÔhÈna PÈramÊ
should be included in all the Six
PÈramÊs
of
DÈna
,
SÊla
,
KhantÊ
,
VÊriya
,
JhÈna
and
PaÒÒÈ
. (Unshakeable determination in performance of
DÈna
should be
counted as
DÈna
PÈramÊ
; likewise, unshakeable determination in matters related to
SÊla
,
KhantÊ
,
VÊriya
,
JhÈna
and
PaÒÒÈ
should be included in their respective
PÈramÊs
.)
Advantages of pairing The Six PÈramÊs