THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1356
(Points to note: The Buddha attained Perfect Self-Enlightenment on the full-moon
day in VesÈkha, 103 of the Great Era. He passed his first
vassa
in the Deer Park.
At the end of that
vassa,
He sent the first sixty of His
bhikkhu
-disciples, all
arahats
, to the four corners of the land to propagate the Doctrine. He admitted into
the Order new
bhikkhus
, first as novices, and then as full
bhikkhus
, sponsored by
these sixty
arahats
, by getting them established in the Three Refuges. The Buddha
Himself adopted the same mode. Later, considering the great distances the new
entrants had to travel to the Buddha's monastery, admissions by this mode were
allowed by the Buddha, at places of their joining the Order.
(On the full-moon day in Phussa of the same year, the Buddha went to reside at
RÈjagaha. A fortnight later, the two Chief Disciples together with their pupils
became
bhikkhus
. On the seventh day of their bhikkhuhood, the Venerable MahÈ
MoggallÈna became an
arahat
. On the fifteenth day (in MÈgha), the Venerable
SÈriputta became an
arahat
. The Brahmin RÈdha's admission into the Order took
place during the month falling between the full moon day in MÈgha and the full
moon day in Phagguna.
The Venerable SÈriputta had known that when the Buddha lived in the Deer Park at
MigadÈya forest, admission as novices and as full
bhikkhus
was done by getting the
incumbent established in the Three Refuges. And yet why did he ask about the
mode of admission in this case?
The answer is: the Venerable SÈriputta, as a constant companion to the Buddha,
knew the Buddha's wishes, as was the usual competency of those companions. As a
matter of fact, he was the most competent among those close companions. He had
hindsight that the Buddha was thinking of instituting a stricter mode of admission
than the simple mode of getting the incumbent established in the Three Refuges.
Since the Buddha's residence at RÈjagaha, the number of
arahats
had also grown to
more than twenty thousand. The remarkable acuteness of the Venerable SÈriputta's
understanding of the Buddha's mind was revealed on one occasion too. It was in
connection with RÈhula, the Buddha's son. In 103 of the Great Era, at the close of
the year, the Buddha travelled to His native place, the city of Kapilavatthu. The
journey took two months. On the seventh day, after arrival in that city, His son,
RÈhula, (aged seven) demanded his inheritance. The Buddha gave him (the most
worthy) inheritance by saying to the Venerable SÈriputta to admit RÈhula as a
novice. On that occasion, the Venerable SÈriputta, knowing well that novitiation
was done by making the incumbent established in the Three Refuges, asked the
Buddha: ‚Venerable Sir, by what mode shall I admit Prince RÈhula as a novice?‛
The earlier practice adopted at the Deer Park was to give admission to novices as
well as to full
bhikkhus
by getting them established in the Three Refuges. But in
the later case of RÈdha, the admission into bhikkhuhood was done by a
congregation of the Sangha making formal proposal for admission by the Preceptor
thrice and then if the Sangha agreed (by remaining silent) admission was effected.
But, in the case of novitiation, the Venerable SÈriputta fathomed the Buddha's
intention that novitiation should be done either by getting the incumbent established
in the Three Refuges or by formal congregation. Otherwise, the Sangha might be
under the impression that novitiation would be valid only by congregation.
Therefore, to get the express consent from the Buddha to perform novitiation by
getting RÈhula established in the Three Refuges, the Venerable SÈriputta put that
question to the Buddha.)
—— Commentary
on the
Vinaya MahÈvagga
——
RÈdha's Ascetic Life and Attainment of Arahatship
The Venerable SÈriputta, respectfully complying with the orders of the Buddha, acted as
preceptor in the formal congregation which admitted Brahmin RÈdha into the Order. He
knew that the Buddha had a high regard for the Brahmin and so after the admission, he
looked after the personal welfare of the aged
bhikkhu
.