THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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wisdom; striving with zeal, undergoing difficulties without slacking in the use of that skill
is fulfilment through energy; bearing with patience all the wrong of beings is fulfilment
through forbearance; not deceiving, not breaking the pledge of help to beings is fulfilment
through truthfulness; remaining unshaken, even when his interests suffer as a result of
rendering service to beings, is fulfilment through resolution; contemplating repeatedly the
welfare and happiness of beings is fulfilment through loving-kindness; being unmoved,
when helped or troubled by others, is fulfilment through equanimity.
Thus, the Bodhisatta endeavours for an accumulation of incomparable merit and wisdom,
not shared by common people, made for the sake of infinite beings and his thorough,
careful fulfilment of the basic conditions of the
pÈramÊs,
as mentioned above. All these
undertakings may be taken in brief as practising the
PÈramÊ-sampatti
.
11. Classification of The PÈramÊs
To the question, ‚How many
pÈramÊs
are there?‛ the answer in brief is: There are thirty
pÈramÊs
, namely, ten Ordinary Perfections (
PÈramÊ
), ten Higher Perfections (
Upa-pÈramÊ
)
and ten Highest Perfections (
Paramattha
pÈramÊ
).
(With respect to DÈna, there is DÈna pÈramÊs, DÈna Upa-pÈramÊ and DÈna Paramattha-
pÈramÊ; so also with regard to the nine remaining pÈramÊs, such as SÊla, Nekkhamma, etc.,
each one is of three different kinds and therefore the original ten PÈramÊs become thirty in
all.)
PÈramÊ, Upa-pÈramÊ and Paramattha-pÈramÊ
To the questions ‚What is PÈramÊ, Upa-pÈramÊ and Paramattha PÈramÊ?‛ the answer is
provided in the Chapter on Miscellany in the Commentary to the Cariya PiÔaka. Therein,
the Commentator answers this question elaborately, giving different interpretations, views
and comments by diverse teachers. To reproduce them all in this work will cause only
confusion to readers, so we shall give here only the decided view preferred by the
Commentator MahÈ DhammapÈla Thera himself.
(1) Giving away one's external objects, such as wife, children, wealth and property, is
DÈna PÈramÊ
;
giving up one's limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., is DÈna Upa-pÈramÊ; giving
up one's life is DÈna Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(2) Likewise, observing a precept and not making a breach on account of one's external
objects, such as wife, children, wealth and property, is SÊla pÈramÊ; observing a precept and
not making a breach on account of one's limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., is SÊla Upa-
pÈramÊ; observing a precept and not making a breach on account of one' s life is SÊla
Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(3) Cutting off attachment to one's external objects and going forth from household life
is Nekkhamma PÈramÊ; cutting off attachment to one's limbs, such as hands, feet, etc., and
going forth from household life, is Nekkhamma Upa-pÈramÊ; cutting off attachment to
one's life and going forth from household life is Nekkhamma Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(4) Rooting out attachment to one's external objects and deciding deliberately what is
beneficial to beings and what is not is PaÒÒÈ PÈramÊ; rooting out attachment to one's limbs,
such as hands, feet, etc., and deciding deliberately what is beneficial to beings and what is
not is PaÒÒÈ Upa-pÈramÊ; rooting out attachment to one's life and deciding deliberately
what is beneficial to beings and what is not is PaÒÒÈ Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(5) Striving to fulfil and become accomplished in the aforesaid
pÈramÊs
and those to be
mentioned later is VÊriya PÈramÊ
;
striving to fulfil and become accomplished in the
aforesaid
upa-pÈramÊs
and those to be mentioned later is VÊriya Upa-pÈramÊ; striving to
fulfil and become accomplished in the aforesaid
paramattha-pÈramÊs
and those to be
mentioned later is VÊriya Paramattha-pÈramÊ.
(6) Bearing with patience the vicissitudes, which endanger one's external objects, is
Khanti PÈramÊ; bearing with patience the vicissitudes which endanger one's limbs, such as
hands, feet, etc., is Khanti Upa-pÈramÊ; bearing with patience the vicissitudes, which
endanger one's life, is Khanti Paramattha-pÈramÊ.