Chapter 43
yadidaÑ UpÈli.‛
‚
Bhikkhus
, among My
bhikkhu
-disciples who strictly live by the Vinaya
Rules, Bhikkhu UpÈli is the foremost (
etadagga
).‛
(36) NANDAKA MAHŒTHERA
(a) Aspiration expressed in The Past
The future Nandaka was born into a worthy family in the city of HaÑsÈvatÊ, during the
time of Buddha Padumuttara. While listening to a discourse by the Buddha, he witnessed a
bhikkhu
being honoured by the Buddha with the
etadagga
title of foremost
bhikkhu
in
giving admonition to
bhikkhunÊs
. He had an ardent desire to be designated with the same
title by some future Buddha. He therefore made extraordinary offerings to the Buddha and
later expressed his wish before Him. The Buddha saw that his aspiration would be fulfilled
and made the prediction accordingly.
(b) Ascetic Life adopted in His Final Existence
The future Nandaka devoted himself to meritorious deeds till his death and after passing
away from that existence, he was reborn only in the good destinations. During the time of
Buddha Gotama, he was reborn into a worthy family in SÈvatthi. When he attained
adulthood, he listened to the Buddha's discourse which aroused his devotion so much so
that he renounced lay life and took up bhikkhuhood. Soon after, striving strenuously in
bhikkhu
practice, he attained arahatship. He had a special competence in exercising the
Power of Remembering past existences. He also was a gifted orator who could draw the
attention of the four types of devotees who gathered before the Buddha or the Sangha by
his skill in exposition. Thus, he came to be popularly known as Venerable Nandaka, the
Expounder of the Doctrine.
At one time, the Buddha had to intervene between the two warring groups of Sakyan
princes: the Koliya clan and the Kapilavatthu clan. They were living on each side of a
small river called the Rohini. They could not amicably decide on the distribution of the
scanty water to each clan’s cultivators. After pacifying both sides, the Buddha asked 250
princes from each clan to take up bhikkhuhood. These five hundred Sakyan princes were
young (They were attached to their families) and did not find happiness as
bhikkhus
.
Hence, the Buddha took them to (a far-away forest in the midst of which lay) Lake KuÓÈla.
There, He delivered the KuÓÈla JÈtaka and aroused emotional awakening in them. The
Buddha knew about this and expounded the Four Ariya Truths to them which caused them
to be established in
sotÈpatti-phala
. Then He taught them the MahÈsamaya Sutta in the
MahÈvana forest, at the end of which, the five hundred
bhikkhus
became
arahats
. (For
detail on this episode refer to Chapter 22.)
The five hundred wives of these
bhikkhus
, who had renounced their lay lives, did not see
any reason to remain in their lofty mansions. So they all gathered around MahÈpajÈpati
GotamÊ, the Buddha's foster mother, to plead with the Buddha for admission into the Order.
They went to the MahÈvana forest where, at the ardent request by MahÈpajÈpati GotamÊ,
the Buddha allowed them to become female-
bhikkhus
or
bhikkhunÊs
after laying down eight
cardinal principles to be observed by them. Since there were no
bhikkhunÊs
before them,
their admission ceremony was performed by
bhikkhus
only. (Later, admission of
bhikkhunÊs
required both a congregation of
bhikkhus
and that of
bhikkhunÊs
) The important
thing relating to the Venerable Nandaka is that all these five hundred
bhikkhunÊs
were, in
one of their former existences, queen consorts to the Venerable Nandaka who was then a
king.
Then the Buddha enjoined
bhikkhus
to admonish
bhikkhunÊs
. When it was the Venerable
Nandaka's turn to give admonition to the five hundred
bhikkhunÊs
, he did not go to them
but deputed another
bhikkhu
to carry out the task. This was because he knew, by his
Knowledge of Recollecting Past Existences, that these five hundred
bhikkhunÊs
had been