Chapter 43
place as UruvelÈ Kassapa. The second brother and his three hundred disciples likewise
became recluses and lived at the river bend of the Ga~gÈ and he came to be known as NadÊ
Kassapa. The youngest brother also became a recluse together with his two hundred
disciples and they dwelled at a place called GayÈsÊsa, and hence he became known as GayÈ
Kassapa. The three Kassapa brothers became famous as teachers of their own religious
sects. During the time when the three Kassapa brothers were giving guidance to their
respective groups, the Buddha (Gotama) had appeared in the world. The Buddha passed the
first
vassa
at the MigadÈya forest, also known as Isipatana, where he caused the
enlightenment of the Group of Five Ascetics and the fifty-five youths led by Yasa, son of a
merchant. All these sixty disciples become the first
arahats
in this world. At the end of the
vassa,
the Buddha enjoined the sixty
arahat-bhikkhus
to spread the Good Doctrine while
He headed toward the UruvelÈ forest alone. On his way, he met the thirty princes, all
brothers, at KappÈsika forest, whom he called up as
bhikkhus
(using the word, ‚Come,
bhikkhu
‛) and caused their enlightenment as
ariyas
of various grades, training themselves
for arahatship. The Buddha then proceed alone to the UruvelÈ forest because He saw the
ripeness of UruvelÈ Kassapa for enlightenment and also saw that all the three Kassapa
brothers and their followers would gain arahatship. When the Buddha met UruvelÈ
Kassapa, He had to display 3500 kinds of miracles, the most remarkable of which being the
taming of the powerful
nÈga
. Finally, UruvelÈ Kassapa and his five hundred disciples were
called up by the Buddha into bhikkhuhood. On learning the news of the eldest brother
becoming a
bhikkhu
, the younger brothers and their followers likewise became
bhikkhus
.
All of them were called up by the Buddha into bhikkhuhood. (For details refer to Chapter
14.)
The Buddha took the one thousand newly admitted
bhikkhus
to GayÈsÊsa. He sat on the
rock platform there and considered the appropriate discourse for them. He remembered
that these recluses of brahmin origin had all along been indulging in fire-worship, and
accordingly delivered them a discourse giving the simile of the fire that relentlessly burns
the three forms of existence: the sensuous, the fine material and the non-material spheres.
The Discourse entitled
ŒdittapariyÈya
had the desired effect of turning all the
bhikkhus
into
arahats
.
Then the Buddha saw that the time was opportune for Him to visit RÈjagaha, where He
had, before His attainment of Buddhahood, promised King BimbisÈra that He would visit
his city after attaining Buddhahood. He journeyed to RÈjagaha accompanied by a thousand
arahats
and rested in the toddy palm grove. King BimbisÈra, on being reported about the
arrival of the Buddha, went to meet Him, in the company of one hundred and twenty
thousand brahmin householders. After making obeisance to the Buddha, he sat in a suitable
place. On that occasion, the fame of UruvelÈ Kassapa had become so well established that
the brahmin retinue of the King paid their homage to UruvelÈ Kassapa. The Buddha knew
that the audience were unable to decide which of the two, Himself or UruvelÈ Kassapa, was
superior. He was also aware that the people, having doubt, could not pay attention to the
Dhamma. So He said to UruvelÈ Kassapa: ‚Kassapa, your followers are in a quandary.
Clear up their mental confusion.‛ Thus, the Buddha indicated to the Venerable to display
miracles.
The Venerable UruvelÈ Kassapa respectfully responded: rising from his seat, he made
obeisance to the Buddha in fivefold contact, and rose up to the sky about a palm-tree's
height. There, remaining in mid-air, he took on various forms as he wished and said to the
Buddha: ‚Venerable BhagavÈ, the BhagavÈ is my Teacher; I am your pupil, your disciple.
Venerable BhagavÈ, the BhagavÈ is my Teacher; I am your pupil, your disciple.‛ Then he
descended to the ground and paid homage to the Buddha at His feet. Then he rose up again
to twice the height of a palm tree, created a variety of forms himself, came down and paid
homage at the Buddha's feet. On the seventh time of repeating this miraculous feat, he rose
to a height of seven palm-trees, and after descending to the ground, and making obeisance
to the Buddha, he sat in a suitable place.
The big audience were now in no doubt about the supremacy of the Buddha and
acclaimed Him as the great Samana. Then only the Buddha gave a discourse to them, at the