THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1318
who had memorized the Dhamma-Vinaya (the three PiÔakas), and most of whom were also
endowed with the fourfold Analytical Knowledge, the three VijjÈs, and the Six
Supernormal Powers, and were designated as the foremost
bhikkhu
-disciples by the
Buddha.
(In this connection, the selection of 499
bhikkhus
indicates that one seat was
reserved by the Venerable One for Œnanda. The reason is that, at that moment, the
Venerable Œnanda had not attained arahatship, and was still training himself to
become an
arahat
. Without Œnanda, it would not be possible to hold the Council
because he had heard all the discourses of the Buddha which comprise the five
NikÈyas
or Collections, the Nine
A~gas
or Parts, and the doctrinal terms
numbering, a total of eighty-four thousand.
Why, then, should Œnanda be put on the list of the reciters by Venerable MahÈ
Kassapa? The reason was that Venerable MahÈ Kassapa wanted to avoid criticism
that he was partial to Œnanda because there were other
arahats
endowed with the
Fourfold Analytical Knowledge like Œnanda while Œnanda was still a
sekkha
, one
still training for arahatship.
This criticism was probable, considering the fact that the Venerables MahÈ Kassapa
and Œnanda were very intimate. The former would address the latter in such
intimate terms as ‘This young lad’ even when the latter was about eighty years old
with gray hair. (Refer to Kassapa SaÑyutta
,
CÊvara Sutta, NidÈna Vagga). Further,
the Venerable Œnanda was a Sakyan Prince and a first cousin of the Buddha. For
that reason, the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa, although knowing well that Œnanda was
indispensable to the project of the recitations, awaited the general consent of the
congregation in selecting him.)
When Venerable MahÈ Kassapa informed the congregation about his having chosen 499
arahats
for the purpose, the congregation unanimously proposed the Venerable Œnanda to
be selected on the Council in spite of his still being a
sekkha
. They said: ‚Venerable MahÈ
Kassapa, although the Venerable Œnanda is still a
sekkha
, he is not one who is likely to be
misled into wrong judgment on any of the four unjust ways. Moreover, he is the
bhikkhu
with the greatest learning imparted by the Buddha both on the Doctrine and the Discipline.‛
Then the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa put Œnanda on the list of the reciters. Thus there were
five hundred reciters selected with the approval of the congregation.
Then the avenue for the holding of the recitals was considered by the congregation. They
chose RÈjagaha because it was a big city, big enough to provide daily alms-food to the big
gathering of
bhikkhus
, and because it had many big monasteries where the
bhikkhus
could
stay. They also thought about the need to disallow all other
bhikkhus
outside of the Council
to spend the
vassa
in RÈjagaha, where they, the Council, would reside during that period.
(The reason for disallowing non-participating
bhikkhus
was because as the proceedings of
the Council was to be conducted every day for a number of days, unless non-participating
bhikkhus
were officially disallowed from residence during the
vassa
, dissenters might
interfere in the proceedings.)
Then the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa, by making his formal proposal as an act-in-
congregation, and getting the formal approval of the congregation, passed the Sangha
resolution in the following terms:
SuÓtÈtu me Èvuso Sangho yadi Sanghassa pattakallaÑ
Sa~gho imÈni paÒcabhikkhusatÈni sammanneyya rÈja-
gahe vassaÑ vassantÈni dhammaÒ ca vinayaÒ ca
sangÈ yituÑ na aÒÒehi bhikkh|hi rÈjagahe vassaÑ
vasitabbanti, esÈ Òstti.
The gist of this is: (1) only five hundred
bhikkhus
, who were to recite the
Doctrine and the Discipline, were to stay in RÈjagaha during the
vassa
and
(2) that no other
bhikkhus
were to stay in RÈjagaha during the same period.
The above
kammavÈcÈ
or act of the Sangha-in-council took place twenty-one days after