Chapter 43
would not catch fire in spite of the utmost efforts made by the Malla princes. Only on the
seventh day, after the arrival and paying homage by the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa, the
remains of the Buddha burnt by itself, as previously willed by the Buddha Himself. That
second week was called the ‘Funeral-pyre Week’.
After that, the relics of the Buddha were honoured by the Mallas for seven days with
unprecedented festivities, by placing rows and rows of mounted spear-men as guards of the
huge festive grounds. That third week was called the ‘Relics-Honouring Week’.
After the three weeks had passed, on the fifth waxing day of JeÔÔha (May-June), the
distribution of the Buddha's relics (presided over by VassakÈra, the great
brahmin
teacher)
took place. On that memorable day, there was an assembly of seven hundred thousand
bhikkhus
(at Kusinagara). At the assembly, the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa recalled the
impertinent remarks made by Subhadda, an old
bhikkhu
who joined the Order after having
been married, on the journey from PÈvÈ to Kusinagara, on the seventh day after the demise
of the Buddha. The old
bhikkhu
said to the other
bhikkhus
who were bewailing the death of
the Buddha: ‚Friends, do not lament, do not shed tears unnecessarily. For now only we are
free from the tyranny of that Bhikkhu Gotama who would say to us: ‘Yes, this is proper
for a
bhikkhu
’, or ‘No, this is not proper for a
bhikkhu
.’ Now we are at liberty to do what
we like to do, and to ignore what we do not like to do.‛
Further, the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa saw that the Buddha's Teaching, consisting of the
Threefold Good Doctrine, would easily fall away after the demise of its originator, because
wicked
bhikkhus
would not honour the Buddha's words when the Buddha was no more, and
their number could grow. ‚It were well if we
bhikkhus
congregate and recite in unison all
the Doctrine and the Discipline left by the Buddha. In this way the Threefold Good
Doctrine would survive for long.‛ thus reflected the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa.
Then he also remembered the special recognition shown by the Buddha to him.
‚The BhagavÈ had exchanged His great robe with mine. He had declared to the
bhikkhus
: ‘
Bhikkhus
, in abiding in the first
jhÈna
, Kassapa is my equal; etc.’ thus
extolling my power of
jhÈna
attainments with reference to the successively higher
jhÈna
, which embraced the nine
jhÈna
attainments that require abiding at each of
the progressive levels, as well as the five supernormal powers. Again, the BhagavÈ
had remained in mid-air, and waving his hand, declared, that ‘in the matter of
detachment to the four types of followers, Kassapa is unequalled,’ and that ‘in the
attitude of equanimity, Kassapa conducts himself like the moon.’ These words of
praise are truly unparalleled. I must live up to these attributes in no other way but
undertake to convene a Sangha Council for reciting the Doctrine and the Discipline
for their preservation.‛
‚Inasmuch as a king appoints his eldest son, Heir-Apparent, conferring all his own
regal paraphernalia and authority on the son with a view to perpetuating his
sovereignty, so also the Bhagava had indeed praised me so lavishly, in such
extraordinary ways, seeing that I, Kassapa, would be able to perpetuate His
Teaching.‛
After pondering deeply thus, the Venerable MahÈ Kassapa related to the
bhikkhu
congregation the sacrilegious words of Subhadda, the old
bhikkhu
(stated above) and made
this proposal:
‚Now, friends, before immorality has gained ground and becomes an obstruction to
the Dhamma, before infamy has gained ground and becomes an obstruction to the
Discipline, before upholders of immorality have gained strength, before upholders
of the Good Doctrine have become weak, before upholders of infamy have gained
strength, and before upholders of the Discipline have become weak, let us recite in
unison the Doctrine and the Discipline and preserve them.‛
On hearing his animated appeal, the congregation said to him: ‚Venerable Kassapa, may
the Venerable One select the
bhikkhus
to carry out the reciting of the Doctrine and the
Discipline.‛ Venerable MahÈ Kassapa then selected four hundred and ninety-nine
arahats