Chapter VII
He does not refuse a proper invitation, nor does he indulge in making excessive demands
either; nor does he accept more than what he needs. He gives delight and encouragement to
the faithful by giving a discourse on the merits of faith. Likewise, he gives delight and
encouragement to those endowed with morality, learning, generosity and wisdom by giving
discourses on the merits of these qualities.
If the Bodhisatta
,
in an existence, happens to be accomplished in the attainments of
jhÈna
and
abhiÒÒÈ
, by exercising these powers, he arouses fright in those beings who are
negligent (in doing good deeds). By showing them, to a certain extent, the horrors in realms
of misery, he gets those devoid of faith and other virtues established in faith, etc., and
gives them access to the Buddha Dispensation. To those already endowed with faith, etc.,
he helps them gain maturity in those virtues.
In this manner, the Bodhisatta's
CÈritta-sÊla
is like the ‚flood‛ of immeasurable
meritorious deeds, which grows bigger and bigger, one existence after another.
(This is the method of fulfilling the Perfection of Morality.)
3. How The Perfection of Renunciation is fulfilled
As already stated above, the Perfection of Renunciation is the group of consciousness and
mental concomitants which desire emancipation from sense pleasures and existences, which
is founded on
mahÈ-karuÓÈ
and
upÈya-kosalla ÒÈÓa
and which is preceded by the
knowledge of disgusting and dreadful faults in them. Therefore, the Bodhisatta undertakes
first to discern the faults (as they truly are) in sense pleasures and existences by means of
the knowledge of disgust and dread (
ÈdÊnava-ÒÈÓa
).
This is how he discerns these faults: ‚Because household life is the dwelling place of all
kinds of defilements, because there are impediments, such as wife and children, etc.,
restricting one's meritorious performances, because one gets involved and entangled in
multifarious activities such as trading and cultivation, it is not a proper place where
happiness of renunciation can be achieved.‛
The sensual pleasures of men, like a drop of honey on the sharp edges of a sword, prove
to be more harmful rather than enjoyable. Their enjoyment is short-lived, like a theatrical
show seen only by intermittent flashes of lightning. They are enjoyed only through
perverted perception (which is disorderly) like the ornaments of a mad man. They are as
deceptive as a camouflaging object, which conceals a heap of excreta, as unsatisfying as
licking the moisture on the fingers. They are afflictive, damaging, like the gorging of food
by a famished person, causing hordes of misfortune like the bait on a hook, causing
dukkha
in the past, present and future like the heat of burning fires. They are being sticky like the
gum of a plant (
makkata lepa
). They form a means to conceal destructive objects like the
mantle of a murderer. Thus, discerning first the disadvantages in sense pleasures and
existences, and then the advantages of liberality from them, which is
Nekkhamma
, the
Bodhisatta fulfils the Perfection of Renunciation.
Since going forth from household life is the foundation of the Perfection of
Renunciation, at a time when there is no teaching of a Buddha, in order to fulfil this
perfection, the Bodhisatta takes up an ascetic life under recluses or wanderers who uphold
the doctrine of action (
kamma-vÈdÊ
) and the doctrine of efficacy of action (
kiriya-vÈdÊ
).
However, when an Enlightened One appears in the World, he joins the Order of
Bhikkhus
in the Dispensation of the Buddha.
Having thus gone forth, he establishes himself in the
vÈritta-sÊla
and
cÈritta-sÊla,
as
described above, and, in order to purify these
sÊlas
, he undertakes the ascetic practices
(
dhuta~gas
)
37
.
The Bodhisatta
,
who has thus washed away the mental defilements with the clean water
of
sÊla,
fortified by
dhuta~ga
practices becomes endowed with blameless, pure physical
and verbal conduct. He shows contentment with any available robe, alms-food and
37. Read explanation of
dhuta~ga
practices in footnote #16.