Chapter 43
was named Subh|ti. When our Buddha appeared and while He was staying with RÈjagaha
as His resort for alms-food, AnÈthapiÓÉika the merchant arrived at the house of his friend
(and brother-in-law) the merchant of RÈjagaha, bringing with him goods produced in
SÈvatthi. On his arrival, he heard of the emergence of the Buddha. After going to the
Buddha, who was staying now in SÈtavana forest, he became established in
sotÈpatti-phala
in this first meeting with Him. (After becoming a noble
sotÈpanna
), he requested the
Buddha to visit SÈvatthi and had lodgings built, one at every
yojana
, along the journey of
forty-five
yojanas
between SÈvatthi and RÈjagaha, at the expense of a hundred thousand
coins. He also bought Prince Jeta's garden of eight royal
pai
, for which the payment was
made by placing gold coins, touching each other, covering the garden area. Then on the
whole garden site, he built the Jetavana Monastery for the Buddha and dedicated it to Him.
(For a detailed account of this event please refer to Chapter 29 for the story of
AnÈthapiÓÉika.)
On the day of the dedication of the monastery, Subh|ti went along with his older brother
and listened to the Dhamma and so strong was his faith that he adopted a monk's life.
Having become a monk, he studied and was accomplished in the Dye MÈtikÈ, after which
he had meditation taught to him and strove to practise ascetic practices. All this led him to
arahatship via the development of VipassanÈ based on
mettÈ
-
jhÈna
(meditation on loving-
kindness).
(c) Achievement of Double Etadagga Title
When he gave a sermon, Venerable Subh|ti did so objectively (
dhamma-diÔÔhana
) i.e. by
concentrating on the Dhamma itself (but not by making any reference to an individual,
pugglÈ-diÔÔhÈna
) the way the Buddha did. (This led him to be declared the foremost
(
etadagga
) in living in bliss, free from mental defilements,
araÓa-vihÈrÊ
).
When the Venerable went on alms-round, thinking that ‚if I adopt this method, great
benefits will accrue to the donors.‛ At every house, he habitually engaged in the
mettÈ
-
jhÈna
before he received the alms-food. (This caused him to be the foremost (
etadagga
) in
being worthy of excellent gift (
dakkhiÓyya
).
Later on, therefore, when the Buddha held a meeting with the assembly of monks, He
said in praise of the Venerable Subh|ti as follows and declared:
‚EtadaggaÑ. bhikkhave mama sÈvakÈnaÑ bhikk|naÑ araÓavihÈrÊnaÑ
yadidaÑ Subh|ti (1), dakkhiÓeyyÈnaÑ yadidaÑ Subh|ti (2).‛
‚Monks, among my
bhikkhu-
disciple (1) who live blissfully, being detached
from defilements, Subh|ti stands foremost, and so does he stand out (2)
among those who are worthy of best offerings.‛
(Herein (1) with reference to
araÓa-vihÈrÊ etadagga
, moral defilements, such as
rÈga
(passion), etc. are called
raÓa
(because they lead to lamentation).
Arahats,
who live
enjoying bliss, as they are away from moral defilements, are said to be
araÓa-vihÈrÊ
individuals. Apart from Venerable Subh|ti, there were other
arahats
who lived such a life
too. But when they preached, they did so by employing the method which considered in
making reference to a certain person (
puggalÈ-diÔÔhÈna
dhamma
-
desanÈ
) whom they either
praised or censured. But Venerable Subh|ti adopted the method which required him to
speak of the Dhamma itself as his objective (
dhamma-diÔÔhÈna
) —— the Dhamma taught by
the Buddha. That was why he was declared the
etadagga
among the
araÓa-vihÈrÊ
bhikkhus
.
(The Upari-paÓÓÈsa PÈli contains the AraÓa-vibha~ga Sutta which enumerates the six
factors of
araÓa-vihÈra
, ‘living in bliss,’ as follows: (a) Following the Middle Path
(
Majjhima-PaÔipadÈ
) which avoids the two evil extremes. (b) Following the
dhamma-
diÔÔhÈna
method, one says: ‚This is the thing to be praised. This is the thing to be
censured.‛ If following the
puggalÈ-diÔÔhÈna
method, one says: ‚He is the person to be
praised,‛ and this amounts to flattering; and if one says: ‚He is the person to be censured‛,
this amounts to humiliation. Hence avoidance of both flattering and humiliation. (c)
Development of internal happiness (
ajjhatta-sukha
) after distinguishing between the two